現實主義短篇小說英文
① 小說用英語怎麼說
1、Novel,英[ˈnɒvl], 美[ˈnɑ:vl]。長篇小說,新法,附律。新奇的,異常的。
2、Novel近義詞fiction和story。
3、Sheldon writes every day of the week, dictating his novels in the morning.謝爾登一周七天都要寫作,每天上午口述小說讓別人記錄。
4、Both her novels won prizes.她的兩部小說都獲了獎。
5、Novel是長篇小說,story是短篇小說,fiction是小說的總稱。
(1)現實主義短篇小說英文擴展閱讀
1、Dickens 'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小說豐富了英國文學。
2、She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.她是一位多產的作家,寫了很多小說和短篇故事。
3、His works are included in this anthology of stories.這本小說集收錄了他的作品。
4、The novel portrays the growth of a fighter.這本小說描寫了一個戰士的成長。
5、Sara and I read the story and marveled.我和薩拉讀了這部小說後驚嘆不已。
6、This novel has been made into a film.這部小說已拍成電影了。
② 誰能推薦幾本經典的英美小說!!!
1 哈克貝利·弗恩歷險記——馬克·吐溫
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
哈克貝利是一個聰明、善良、勇敢的白人少年。他為了追求自由的生活,逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中,他遇到了黑奴吉姆。吉姆是一個勤勞朴實、熱情誠實、忠心耿耿的黑奴,他為了逃脫被主人再次賣掉的命運,從主人家中出逃。他們一起漂流在密西西比河上,過著自由自在的生活,兩人成了好朋友。哈克貝利為了吉姆的自由,歷盡千辛萬苦,最後得知,吉姆的主人已在遺囑里解放了他。小說中,哈克貝利和吉姆的性格鮮明突出,形象栩栩如生。全篇的現實主義描繪和浪漫主義抒情交相輝映,尖銳深刻的揭露、幽默辛辣的諷刺以及浪漫傳奇的描寫渾然一體,形成了馬克·吐溫獨特的藝術風格。
2 純真年代——華頓
The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton
伊迪絲·沃頓1921年獲得普立策文學獎的小說,她也是普立策獎歷史上首度獲獎的女性作家。
小說的主要情節發生在19世紀70年代末80年代初的紐約上流社會。那是伊迪絲度過童年與青春的地方,她在那兒長大成人,進入社交界,訂婚又解除婚約,最後嫁給波士頓的愛德華華頓,並度過了婚後的最初幾年。時隔40年後,作為小說家的她回顧養育過她也束縛過她的那個社會,她的感情是復雜的,既有親切的眷戀,又有清醒的針砭。作家把那個時代的紐約上流社會比作一個小小的金字塔,它又尖又滑,很難在上面取得立足之地。處在塔頂,真正有貴族血統的只有二三戶人家:華盛頓廣場的達戈內特祖上是正宗的郡中世家;范德盧頓先生是第一任荷蘭總督的嫡孫,他家曾與法國和英國的幾家貴族聯姻;還有與德格拉斯伯爵聯姻的拉寧一家。他們是上流社會的最高階層,但顯然已處於日薄西山的衰敗階段。上流社會的中堅力量是以明戈特家族、紐蘭家族、奇弗斯家族為代表的名門望族,他們的祖輩都是來自英國或荷蘭的富商,早年在殖民地發跡,成為有身份有地位的人物。比如紐蘭·阿切爾的一位曾外祖父曾參與過獨立宣言的簽署,還有一位曾在華盛頓部下任將軍。正如阿切爾太太所說的,「紐約從來就是個商業社會」,占支配地位的是這些殷實的富商。處於金字塔底部的是富有卻不顯貴的人們,他們多數是內戰之後崛起的新富,憑借雄厚的財力,通過聯姻而躋身上流社會。作者從親身經歷與熟悉的環境中提煉素材,塑造人物,將作品題材根置於深厚的現實土壤中。尤其通過博福特命運浮沉這一線索與主人公愛情悲劇的主線相互映襯,使一個看似尋常的愛情故事具備了深刻的社會現實意義。
3 白鯨——梅爾維爾
Moby-Dick by Herman Melville
《白鯨》是美國十九世紀浪漫主義小說家梅爾維爾的代表作。在美國文學史和世界文學史上,《白鯨》都是一部經典的著作,一部偉大的小說,是研究美國文學的一部必讀書。《白鯨》展示給我們的是船長亞哈為追殺白鯨帶領佩闊德號及其般員為復仇而走向毀滅的過程。書中以象徵主義及寓言體的寫作方式向我們展示了一部十九世紀美國的真實畫面。從人與自然的抗爭中亞哈的悲劇,人與人的關系中所體現的悲劇兩個角度可以揭示《白鯨》所表現的時代特徵及所蘊涵的悲劇實質。
4 紅字——納撒尼爾·霍桑
The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
19世紀美國浪漫主義作家霍桑的長篇小說。創作於1851年。小說以兩百多年前的殖民地時代的美洲為題材,但揭露的卻是19世紀資本主義發展時代美利堅合眾國社會典法的殘酷、宗教的欺騙和道德的虛偽。主人公海絲特被寫成了崇高道德的化身。她不但感化了表裡不一的丁梅斯代爾,同時也在感化著充滿罪惡的社會。至於她的丈夫奇林渥斯,小說則把他寫成了一個一心只想窺秘復仇的影子式的人物。他在小說中只起情節鋪墊的作用。
小說慣用象徵手法,人物、情節和語言都頗具主觀想像色彩,在描寫中又常把人的心理活動和直覺放在首位。因此,它不僅是浪漫主義小說的代表作,同時也被稱作是美國心理分析小說的開創篇。
5 最後的莫希幹人——庫柏
The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper
《最後的莫希幹人》是《皮裹腿故事集》中最出色的一部。故事發生在十八世紀五十年代末期,英法兩國為爭奪北美殖民地而進行的「七年戰爭」的第三年,地點是在赫德森河的源頭和喬治湖一帶。對於印第安人的被殺戮和印第安部落的消亡,作者的心情是十分沉重的,他深深懷著同情和憤慨。他寫道:「莫希幹人的領土,是被歐洲人侵佔去的美洲大陸的第一塊地盤,因而,莫希幹人就第一個成了離鄉背井的人。面臨著文明的推進,也可以說,文明的入侵,所有印第安部落的人民,就像他們故土林木上的綠葉在刺骨的嚴寒侵凌下紛紛墜地一樣,日益消亡,看來這已成為落到他們頭上的不可避免的命運。有足夠的歷史事實可以證明,這幅慘像並非虛妄之作。」
作者把本書取名為《最後的莫希幹人》,就有著令人心酸的悲哀音調。正直、勇敢的莫希幹人恩卡斯和美麗善良的科拉之死,也不無更深的寓意:隨著他們的死去,他們心靈上的那種美德和純潔的感情也消亡了,留下的只是籠罩在美洲大地上的那些貪婪、殘暴的惡意和邪念。
6 小婦人——路易莎·奧爾科特
Little Women by Louisa May Alcott
這部小說以家庭生活為描寫對象,以家庭成員的感情糾葛為線索,描寫了馬奇一家的天倫之愛。馬奇家的四姐妹中,無論是為了愛情甘於貧困的梅格,還是通過自己奮鬥成為作家的喬,以及坦然面對死亡的貝思和以扶弱為己任的艾米,雖然她們的理想和命運都不盡相同,但是她們都具有自強自立的共同特點。描寫了她們對家庭的眷戀;對愛的忠誠以及對親情的渴望。馬奇一家有四個姐妹,生活清貧、簡單而又溫馨。四組妹性格迥異;老大梅格漂亮端莊,有些愛慕虛榮;老二喬自由獨立,渴望成為作家,老三貝絲善良羞澀,熱愛音樂,老四埃米聰慧活潑,愛好藝術,希望成為一名上流社會的「淑女」。
所有時代的所有少女成長過程中所要面對的經歷的,都可以在這本書中找到:初戀的甜蜜和煩惱,感情與理智的譯,理想和現實的差距,貧窮與富有的矛盾。
7 野性的呼喚——傑克·倫敦
The Call of the Wild by Jack London
《野性的呼喚》是傑克·倫敦最負盛名的小說。故事主要敘述一隻強壯勇猛的狼狗巴克從人類文明社會回到狼群原始生活的過程。巴克是一頭體重140磅的十分強壯的狗。他本來在一個大法官家裡過著優裕的生活,後來被法官的園丁偷走,輾轉賣給郵局,又被送到阿拉斯加嚴寒地區去拉運送郵件的雪橇。巴克最初被賣給兩個法裔加拿大人。這些被買來的狗不僅受到了冷酷的人類的虐待,而且在狗之間為了爭奪狗群的領導權,也無時不在互相爭斗、殘殺。由於體力超群、機智勇敢,巴克最終打敗斯比茨成為狗群的領隊狗。他先後換過幾個主人,最後被約翰·索頓收留。那是在巴克被殘暴的主人哈爾打得遍體鱗傷、奄奄一息時,索頓救了他,並悉心為他療傷。在索頓的精心護理下巴克恢復得很快,由此他們之間產生了真摯的感情。巴克對索頓非常忠誠,他兩次不顧生命危險救了索頓的命,並在索頓和別人打賭時,拚命把一個載有一千磅鹽的雪橇拉動,為索頓贏了一大筆錢。不幸的是,在淘金的過程中,索頓被印第安人殺死。狂怒之下,巴克咬死了幾個印第安人,為主人報了仇。這時恩主已死,他覺得對這個人類社會已無所留戀。況且,一段時期以來,荒野中總回盪著一個神秘的呼喚聲。這個聲音吸引著他。最終,他回應著這個聲音,進入森林,從此與狼為伍,過著原始動物的生活。但他不忘舊誼,仍然定期到主人的葬身之處去憑吊。
8 湯姆叔叔的小屋——哈里特·比徹·斯托
Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
出生於康涅狄格州的斯托夫人,是哈特福德女子學院(Hartford Female Academy)的一名教師,同時,她也是一位積極的廢奴主義者。全書圍繞著一位久經苦難的黑奴湯姆叔叔的故事展開,並描述了他與他身邊人——均為奴隸與奴隸主——的經歷。這部感傷小說深刻地描繪出了奴隸制度殘酷的本質;並認為基督徒的愛可以戰勝由奴役人類同胞所帶來的種種傷害。
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》這部小說是19世紀最暢銷的小說(以及第二暢銷的書,僅次於最暢銷的書《聖經》)並被認為是刺激1850代廢奴主義興起的一大原因。在它發表的頭一年裡,在美國本土便銷售出了三十萬冊。《湯姆叔叔的小屋》對美國社會的影響是如此巨大,以致在南北戰爭爆發的初期,當林肯接見斯托夫人時,曾說到:「你就是那位引發了一場大戰的小婦人。」後來,這句話為眾多作家競相引用。
《湯姆叔叔的小屋》以及受其啟發而寫作出的各種劇本,還促進了大量黑人刻板印象的產生,不少的這些形象在當今都為人們所熟知。譬如慈愛善良的黑人保姆、黑小孩的原型、以及順從、堅忍並忠心於白人主人的湯姆叔叔。最近幾十年來,《湯姆叔叔的小屋》中的這些消極成分,已在一定程度上弱化了這本書作為「重要的反奴隸制工具」的歷史作用。
③ 著名的英文小說都有哪些
著名的英語小說
《Ahauntedhouse》——英國著名意識流小說女作家伍爾夫的作品。
《Billybudd》——hermanmelville的作品。
《Goodwives》——十九世紀美國出色的女作家alcott的作品。
《Kim》——諾貝爾獎金獲得者、英國作家吉卜林的作品。
《Moonfleet》——j.meade-falkner的作品。
《Northangerabbey》——十九世紀英國著名女作家奧斯汀的作品。
《Persuasion》——十九世紀英國著名女作家奧斯汀的小說。
《Princeotto》——英國作家史蒂文森的作品。
《Rocking-horsewinner》——英國作家勞倫斯的作品。
《Stalkyandcompany》——諾貝爾獎金獲得者、英國作家吉卜林的作品。
《Theassignation》——美國神秘小說家愛倫坡的作品。
《Thecaskofamontillado》——美國神秘小說家愛倫坡的作品。
《Thechimes》——英國作家狄更斯的作品。
《Thecricketonthehearth》——英國作家狄更斯的作品。
《Thedynamiter》——英國作家史蒂文森的作品。
《Themillonthefloss》——英國作家喬治.艾略特的作品。
《Thephantomoftheopera》——gastonleroux的作品。
《Thepitandthepenlum》——美國神秘小說家愛倫坡的作品。
《Theransomofredchief》——美國作家歐亨利的小說。
《Thetell-taleheart》——美國神秘小說家愛倫坡的作品。
《Thetenantofwildfellhall》——安.勃朗特的小說。她是勃朗特三姐妹中最小的一位.
《艾瑪》——十九世紀英國著名女作家奧斯汀的作品。
《傲慢與偏見》——十九世紀著名英國女作家奧斯汀的代表作。
《奧賽羅》——英國戲劇大師莎士比亞的四大悲劇之一。描寫武將奧賽羅中了部下伊阿古的奸計,因嫉妒發狂而殺死妻子,自己也自殺身亡。
《巴斯克威爾的獵犬》——英國偵探小說大師柯南道爾的福爾摩斯探案集中著名的一篇小說。
《變形記》——卡夫卡的名作。
《波洛聖誕探案記》——阿加莎.克里斯蒂著。
《叢林叢書》——英國作家吉卜林的名著。
《道林.格雷的肖像》——這是英國作家王爾德唯一的長篇小說。
《第三十九級台階》——著名一戰間諜片。
《都柏林人》——英國意識流小說大師喬伊斯的名著。
《兒子和情人》——以心理分析見長的英國作家勞倫斯的著名小說。
《福爾摩斯探案之海軍協定》——英國作家柯南道爾著。
《浮士德》——德國作家歌德的名作。
《哈克貝利芬恩歷險記》——美國著名作家馬克吐溫的名著。
《哈姆雷特》——英國戲劇大師莎士比亞的四大經典悲劇之一。這部描述丹麥王子復仇的作品使伊莉莎白王朝的戲劇達到了最高峰。
《海底兩萬里》——法國科學幻想小說大師儒勒凡爾納的名著。
《黑鬱金香》——法國作家大仲馬的名著,曾被拍成電影。
《呼嘯山莊》——英國女作家艾密莉勃朗特的名著。
《呼嘯山莊》——英國女作家艾米莉.勃朗特的代表作。小說描述了一個因貧富懸殊造成的愛情悲劇。
《化身博士》——英國小說家史蒂文森的名著。
《環繞地球八十天》——法國科學幻想小說大師儒勒.凡爾納的著名小說。
《基督山伯爵》——法國作家大仲馬的名著。
《吉姆爺》——josephconrad的名著。
《金銀島》——英國小說家史蒂文森的名著。
《卡斯特橋市長》——英國作家哈代的名著。
《坎特伯雷故事》——英國作家喬叟的名著。
《李爾王》——英國戲劇大師莎士比亞的四大悲劇之一。描寫的是不列顛老王李爾的悲劇。
《戀愛中的女人》——英國作家勞倫斯的作品。
《魯賓遜飄流記》——英國作家笛福的名作。
《羅蜜歐與朱麗葉》——英國戲劇大師莎士比亞的經典悲劇之一。曾被多次拍成電影。
《麥克白》——英國戲劇大師莎士比亞的四大悲劇之一。描寫蘇格蘭勇將麥克白的悲劇。
《麥琪的禮物》——美國著名短篇小說家歐亨利的著名作品。
《夢的解析》——弗洛伊德的名著。
《命案目睹記》——阿加莎.克里斯蒂著。
《匹克威克外傳》——英國現實主義作家狄更斯的作品。
《三劍客》——法國作家大仲馬的名著。
《聖誕頌歌》——英國作家狄更斯的作品。
《雙城記》——英國現實主義小說大家狄更斯的名著
《苔斯》——英國作家哈代的名著。改編自小說的電影曾轟動一時。
《湯姆索耶歷險記》——美國著名作家馬克吐溫的名著。
《湯姆索耶歷險記》——美國幽默小說大師馬克吐溫的代表作。
《鐵面人》——法國作家大仲馬的著名小說,曾被拍成電影。
《無名的裘德》——英國作家托馬斯.哈代的名作。
《野性的呼喚》——美國作家傑克倫敦的名作。
《一個青年藝術家的肖像》——英國意識流小說大師喬伊斯的著名小說。
《遠大歷程》——英國著名現實主義作家狄更斯的名作。
《月亮石》——英國小說家柯林斯的作品。
《最後一個莫希幹人》——講述北美洲印第安土族居民的神奇故事。小說曾被拍成電影。
④ 有哪些好看的短篇英文小說
世界三大短篇小說之王
莫泊桑、契訶夫和歐~亨利
莫泊桑(Maupassant1850~1893)19世紀後半期法國優秀的批判現實主義作家。年僅43年生命歷程竟創作了6部長篇小說和356多篇中短篇小說,莫泊桑短篇小說布局結構精巧合理。典型細節選用真實可信、敘事抒情的手法如行雲流水,充分體現了這種的文學傳統。莫泊桑的最出色的短篇代表作是《羊脂球》。《項鏈》、《我的叔叔於勒》;其作品在我國影響很大,近幾年來,一直被作為中學生必課的文學作品.
歐~亨利(1862~1910)善於描寫美國社會尤其是紐約百姓的生活。他的作品構思新穎,語言詼諧,結局常常出人意外;歐~亨利一生創作了270多個短篇小說和一部長篇小說,還有數量很少的詩歌他頗善情節設計,處處留下玄機,結局常常以出人意料出外而收場。讀後使人不禁使人豁然開朗,拍案叫絕,被稱為"歐~亨利式結尾".又因描寫了眾多的人物,富於生活情趣,被譽為「美國生活的幽默網路全書」.黑色幽默,「含淚水的微笑」。代表作有《愛的犧牲》、《警察與贊美詩》、《帶傢具出租的房間》、《麥琪的禮物》、《最後一片葉子》等.
契訶夫(1860-1904)他常以十九世界俄國社會中所常見的凡人小事為素材,用語言簡練、諷刺尖刻筆觸描寫小人物和知識分子兩類人的命運。代表作有《小職員之死》《變色龍》。《套中人》等。契河夫是19世紀末俄國偉大的劇作家和短篇小說家,俄國現實主義文學流派的傑出代表
其他的有:
茨威格短篇小說集
馬克.吐溫短篇小說集
竊賊(阿·康帕尼爾)
情書(岩井俊二)
永遠佔有(格雷厄姆·格林)
化石街(島田莊司)
棋逢對手(西瑞爾·哈爾)
首領(卡拉維洛夫)
熱愛生命(傑克·倫敦)
螞蟻 (博里斯·維昂)
蠢豬 (馬萊巴)
品酒 (羅·達爾)
打不碎的雞蛋 (馬萊巴)
勞駕,快點!(圖戈依)
品酒 (羅·達爾)
⑤ 美國浪漫主義文學和現實主義文學的區別英文資料
The romantic literature in the United States is influenced by the romantic literature in Western Europe. 19 centuries half leaf, the rapid development of American capitalism, national consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm, get rid of bondage of English literature pay attention to the spirit of creation and the pursuit of freedom of the transcendental doctrine presented a splendid sight, so far the American romantic literature began to flourish. Therefore, its works from the content to the form have a distinct national characteristics. Romanticism emphasizes the spiritual function and the significance of intuition. It is believed that nature is full of spirit and man should return to nature. It advocates that art should make the reader get the stimulation and achieve the sublimation of the soul.
American Realism pays great attention the fact or reality; from idealism, hypotheses or sentimental doctrine of objective process; objectively and not by feelings to deal with thought and action, against all unrealistic or Utopian character. The reality of the early cheap optimism, began to show social contradictions. Under the influence of realistic and naturalistic literature in Europe, American Realism reflects the negative side of society from many aspects.
American realism with distinctive artistic features, lifelike, reflecting the broad picture of society, the introction of impressionism has even opened a way of American short stories, mature on American literature made great contribution.
【這是這段文字的翻譯----
美國的浪漫主義文學深受西歐浪漫主義文學的影響。19世紀上半葉,美國資本主義迅速發展,民族意識和愛國熱情高漲,擺脫英國文學的束縛、重視人的精神創造和追求自由的超驗主義蔚為大觀,至此美國浪漫主義文學開始蓬勃發展。因此其作品從內容到形式都具有鮮明的民族特色。浪漫主義強調人的精神作用和直覺的意義,認為自然界充滿靈性,人應該回歸自然,主張藝術要使讀者獲得刺激而達到靈魂的升華。
美國現實主義注重事實或現實;不受理想主義、臆測或感傷主義影響的客觀過程;客觀地而不憑感情地去處理思想和行動,反對一切不切實際或空想的性格。現實主義拋棄早期廉價的樂觀主義,開始表現社會矛盾。在歐洲現實主義與自然主義文學的影響下,美國的現實主義從許多方面反映社會消極的一面。
美國現實主義各具藝術特色,逼真,反映廣闊的社會圖景,引進印象主義手法,甚至開辟了美國式短篇小說的途徑,對美國文學的成熟作出了偉大的貢獻。】
【= =,望採納,來自英語帝】。
⑥ 英語翻譯馬克 吐溫的簡介
American writer.The autonym fills Miu Er ·the boon of Lang He ·gram Lai door Si.Mark ·vomit is its pen name.It was born at side little city Hannibal of Mississippi's a lawyer's family with poor country, went out to do obeisance teacher apprentice since the childhood.When lead a typesetter, Mississippi sailor, south non-commissioned officer soldier, also once concted the timber instry, mineral instry and the publish instry, but valid of the work be a reporter and write humor literature. Mark ·vomit is the United States to criticize realism literature of lay foundation stone a person, the short story master of Zhao in the world.He experienced the United States from the "freedom" property origin a doctrine to imperialistic of development process, its thought and creations also expresses for adjust to smile mordacity's irony to arrive a pessimism cynical development stage again from the agility.His earlier period create, like short story 《unexpectedly choose eparch (1870)》, 《elder brother Er Si the airtight friend once more goes abroad (1870)》etc., with humor, humorous American"the democracy elect" of the style of writing derision of absurd with the essence of"democracy heaven".Middle work, like novel 《plate with gold ages 》
Mark ·vomit to be praise for"Lincoln in the American literature".His main work has already mostly had Chinese to translate an origin.
⑦ 誰能提供現實主義文學(以歐亨利為代表)的英文介紹(特點,風格,代表人物,作品什麼的)
O. Henry was the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862–June 5, 1910), whose clever use of twist endings in his stories popularized the term "O. Henry Ending". His middle name at birth was Sidney, not Sydney; he later changed the spelling of his middle name when he first began writing as a journalist in the 1880s.
Early life
William Sidney Porter was born in 1862 on a plantation "Worth Place" in Greensboro, North Carolina. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved to the home of his paternal grandmother.
William was an avid reader, and graated from his aunt's elementary school in 1876, then enrolled at the Linsey Street High School. In 1879 he started working as a bookkeeper in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881 – at the age of nineteen – he was licensed as a pharmacist.
The Move to Texas
He relocated to Texas in 1882, initially working on a ranch in La Salle County as a sheep herder and ranch hand, then Austin where he took a number of different jobs over the next several years, including pharmacist, draftsman, journalist, and clerk. While in Texas he also learned Spanish.
In 1887 he eloped with Athol Estes, then eighteen years old and from a wealthy family. Her family objected to the match because both she and Porter suffered from tuberculosis. Athol gave birth to a son in 1888, who died shortly after birth, and then a daughter, Margaret, in 1889.
In 1894 Porter started a humorous weekly called The Rolling Stone. Also in 1894, Porter resigned from the First National Bank of Austin where he had worked as a teller, after he was accused of embezzling funds. In 1895, after The Rolling Stone ceased publication, he moved to Houston, where he started writing for the Houston Post. Shortly thereafter, he was arrested for embezzlement in connection with his previous employment in Austin.
Flight and Return
Porter was granted bond, but the day before he was e to stand trial on July 7, 1896, he absconded to New Orleans and later to Honras. However, in 1897, when he learned that his wife was dying, he returned to the United States and surrendered to the court, pending an appeal.
Athol Estes Porter died July 25, 1897. Porter was found guilty of embezzlement, sentenced to five years jail, and imprisoned April 25, 1898 at the Ohio State Penitentiary. He was released on July 24, 1901 for good behaviour after serving three years.
Origin of Pen Name
Porter published at least twelve stories while in prison to help support his daughter. Not wanting his readers to know he was in jail, he started using the pen name "O. Henry". It is believed that Porter got this name from one of the guards who was named Orrin Henry. However, there is much debate on this issue: one Porter biographer asserts that the name was derived from a girlfriend's cat, which answered to "Oh, Henry!" Guy Davenport, meanwhile, wrote that the name was a condensation of "Ohio Penitentiary". It also could be an abbreviation of the name of French pharmacist, Etienne-Ossian Henry, who is referred to in the U.S. Dispensatory, a reference work Porter used when he was in the prison pharmacy. Further confusing the issue is that for at least one short story, and for a later autobiographical author profile, Porter signed the "full" name Olivier Henry.
Porter also used a number of other noms de plume, most notably "Alex, Longford", and continued using a variety of pen names full-time when he took a writing contract for Ainslee's Magazine in New York City shortly after his release from prison. Eventually, "O. Henry" became the name that was most recognized by magazine editors and the reading public, and therefore led to the greatest fees for story sales. Accordingly, after about 1903 Porter used the "O. Henry" byline exclusively.
In fact, after his prison term Porter almost never identified himself in print by his real name, even in private correspondence to close friends. To editors, he was simply O. Henry (or occasionally Olivier Henry). When writing to friends, however, he would routinely sign his letters with one of a wide range of deliberately nonsensical pseudonyms, such as "Horatio Swampwater".
A Brief Stay At The Top
Porter married again in 1907 to his childhood sweetheart, Sarah Lindsey Coleman. However, despite the success of his short stories being published in magazines and collections (or perhaps because of the attendant pressure success brought), Porter became an alcoholic. Sarah left him in 1909, and he died in 1910 of cirrhosis of the liver. After funeral services in New York City, he was buried in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter, Margaret Worth Porter, died in 1927 and was buried with her father.
Attempts were made to secure a presidential pardon for Porter ring the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan. However, each attempt was met with the assertion that the Justice Department did not recommend pardons after death. This policy was clearly altered ring the administration of Bill Clinton (who pardoned Henry Flipper), so the question of a pardon for O. Henry may yet again see the light of day.
Stories
O. Henry stories are famous for their surprise endings. He was called the American Guy De Maupassant. Both authors wrote twist endings, but O. Henry stories were much more playful and optimistic.
Most of O.Henry's stories are set in his own time, the early years of the 20th century. Many take place in New York City, and deal for the most part with ordinary people: clerks, policemen, waitresses. His stories are also well known for witty narration.
The Four Million (a collection of stories) opens with a reference to Ward McAllister's "assertion that there were only 'Four Hundred' people in New York City who were really worth noticing. But a wiser man has arisen—the census taker—and his larger estimate of human interest has been preferred in marking out the field of these little stories of the 'Four Million'". To O. Henry, everyone in New York counted. He had an obvious affection for the city, which he called Baghdad on the Subway, and many of his stories are set there—but others are set in small towns and in other cities.
His famous story A Municipal Report opens by quoting Frank Norris: "Fancy a novel about Chicago or Buffalo, let us say, or Nashville, Tennessee! There are just three big cities in the United States that are 'story cities' — New York, of course, New Orleans, and, best of the lot, San Francisco." Thumbing his nose at Norris, O. Henry sets the story in Nashville.
Fundamentally a proct of his time, O. Henry's work provides one of the best English examples of catching the entire flavor of an age. Whether roaming the cattle-lands of Texas, exploring the art of the "gentle grifter", or investigating the tensions of class and wealth in turn of the century New York, O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language. Some of his best and least-known work resides in the collection "Cabbages and Kings", a series of stories which each explore some indivial aspect of life in a paralytically sleepy South American town while each advancing some aspect of the larger plot and relating back one to another in a complex structure which slowly explicates its own background even as it painstakingly erects a town which is one of the most detailed literary creations of the period.
Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow. O. Henry is so famous for his unexpected plot twists that this warning is especially important.
A famous story of his, "The Gift of the Magi", concerns a young couple who are short of money but desperately want to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy a platinum fob chain for Jim's watch; unbeknownst to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. The essential premise of this story has been copied, re-worked, parodied, and otherwise re-told countless times in the century since it was written.
The Ransom of Red Chief concerns two men who kidnap a boy of ten. The boy turns out to be so bratty and obnoxious that the desperate men ultimately pay the boy's father two hundred and fifty dollars to take him back.
The Cop and the Anthem concerns a New York City hobo named Soapy, who sets out to get arrested so he can spend the cold winter as a guest of the city jail. Despite efforts at petty theft, vandalism, disorderly conct, and "mashing", Soapy fails to draw the attention of the police. Disconsolate, he pauses in front of a church, where an organ anthem inspires him to clean up his life - whereupon he is promptly arrested for loitering.
In A Retrieved Reformation, safecracker Jimmy Valntine gets a job in a small town bank to case it for a robbery. Unexpectedly, he falls in love with the banker's daughter, and decides to go straight. Just as he's about to leave to deliver his specialized tools to an old associate, a lawman who recognizes him arrives at the bank, and a child locks herself in the airtight vault. Knowing it will seal his fate, Valentine cracks open the safe to rescue the child - and the lawman lets him go.
[edit] Cultural relations
O. Henry once said: "There are stories in everything. I've got some of my best yarns from park benches, lampposts, and newspaper stands." [citation needed]
The O. Henry Awards are yearly prizes given to outstanding short stories.
The O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships are held in May of each year in Austin, Texas, hosted by the city's O. Henry Museum.
O. Henry is a household name in Russia, as his books enjoyed excellent translations and some of his stories were made into popular movies, the best known being, probably, "The Ransom of Red Chief". The phrase "Bolivar cannot carry double" from "The Roads We Take" has become a Russian proverbs, whose origin many Russians do not even recognize.
O. Henry's first wife, Athol, was probably the model for Della[1].
In 1952 a film featuring five O. Henry stories was made. The primary one from the critic's acclaim was "The Cop and the Anthem" starring Charles Laughton and Marilyn Monroe. The other stories are "The Clarion Call," "The Last Leaf," "The Ransom of Red Chief," and "The Gift of the Magi."
There is an O. Henry Middle School in Austin.
1862年9月11日,距華盛頓州不遠的北卡羅來納州有一個名叫格林斯波羅的小鎮。小鎮里一位不得志的醫生和他美麗纖弱的妻子生了一個大眼睛、不大強壯的孩子。誰也不曾想到,在19世紀末20世紀初,這個孩子以歐·亨利的筆名平步文壇,成為一個深受美國和世界讀者喜歡的偉大小說家,並且在百年之後仍然保持著長久的影響和魅力。
歐·亨利的人生之路崎嶇、艱苦而又不幸,他三歲喪母,15歲就走向社會,從事過牧童、葯劑師、�事、辦事員、制圖員、出納員等多種職業。1889年,他和羅琦不顧她父母的反對私奔成婚,並在年輕妻子鼓勵下走上創作道路,創辦《滾石》雜志,發表幽默小品。後來,他因挪用銀行資金被判五年徒刑。出獄後,他遷居紐約專門從事寫作,每周為世界報提供一個短篇,但因第二次婚姻的不幸,加之飲酒過度,終於1910年6月5日在紐約病逝。
19世紀80年代至20世紀初的美國,隨著資本主義逐漸向壟斷發展,各種社會矛盾日益顯露突出。歐·亨利長期生活在下層,形形色色的社會現象使他對這些矛盾心感身受。曲折的人生、豐富的經歷、獨特的視角和敏銳的觀察,使他情不自禁地把社會的各種現象形象地概括在自己的作品中,如下層勞動群眾生活的貧窮艱辛,道貌岸然的上流騙子,巧取豪奪的金融寡頭,肆無忌憚的買賣官爵,小偷、強盜、流浪漢的生活,以及失業、犯罪等等。對貧民他充滿了同情,對資產階級剝削者從不同角度予以批判與揭露,道出了下層勞動群眾對剝削、壓迫的憤怒反抗與心聲。
歐·亨利一生創作了270多個短篇小說和一部長篇小說,還有數量很少的詩歌。歐·亨利的詩歌創作反映了他對自然、人生所面臨的社會矛盾的態度,他寫小鳥、古老的村莊,歌頌流浪者,以陰郁的筆調吟頌「唱催眠曲的男孩」,抨擊不合理的社會現象。但因數量少、成就不大,因而影響很小。相反,他的許多書信倒是精彩的隨筆,他同編輯談生活,談創作,表達作者的生活態度和創作思想。歐·亨利的代表作品是《麥琪的禮物》、《警察與贊美詩》和《最後一片葉子》。其著名小說還有《黃雀在後》、《市政報告》、《配供傢具的客房》、《雙料騙子》等,真實准確的細節描寫,生動簡潔的語言使一系列栩栩如生的藝術形象展現在讀者面前,也使他在世界短篇小說史上佔有重要位置。有人曾將他比做「美國的莫泊桑」,這是有其道理的。
幽默是美國的文學傳統之一。從華盛頓·歐文開始,許多作家都善於寫那些有趣可笑而又意味深長的故事。歐文的幽默是在善意的揶揄之中含有淡淡的諷刺;馬克·吐溫的幽默以充滿俚語的口語,滑稽、俏皮的描寫和極誇張的形象,揭示了生活中的真理;歐文·肖的幽默則在注重描述人物性格的幽默風趣上。歐·亨利承襲這一傳統,受同時代作家的影響,加之一生經歷坎坷,使得他獨特的幽默與眾不同——充滿了辛酸的笑聲,在誇張、嘲諷、風趣、詼諧、機智的幽默之中,含有抑鬱、凄楚的情緒。讀《麥琪的禮物》讓人苦笑,讀《警察與贊美詩》讓人悲涼辛酸。這種「含淚的微笑」,加深了作品的社會意義,具有長久的藝術魅力。
處理小說的結尾,是歐·亨利最具創造性的貢獻,也使他在美國和世界文學史上享有盛名。他善於戲劇性地設計情節,埋下伏筆,作好鋪墊,勾勒矛盾,最後在結尾處出現一個出人意料的結局,使讀者感到豁然開朗,柳暗花明,既在意料之外,又在情理之中,不禁拍案稱奇。但由於作者寫作速度快且多,這種手法運用過多過濫,不免使人感到有明顯的雷同和公式化的弊端。他的小說的結局常常出人意外;又因描寫了眾多的人物,富於生活情趣,被譽為「美國生活的幽默網路全書」。
歐·亨利不愧為「世界三大短篇小說家」之一,其高超的寫作技巧,使得他的小說有了「歐·亨利式」這一稱號。
以下是歐.亨利的名作《麥琪的禮物》賞析 :
《麥琪的禮物》這篇文章,一開頭就設置懸念,德拉只有一元八毛,可是明天就是聖誕節了,她不夠錢給丈夫買禮物,作者接著圍繞德拉一頭美麗的秀發和傑姆的金錶展開描寫,德拉為了給吉姆買他夢寐以求的金錶表鏈,忍痛割愛,賣掉了一頭的秀發。等到吉姆回來,她發現丈夫看見她的短發,神情不對,在這里又設下了一個懸念,待德拉打開傑姆送給她的禮物,我們才恍然大悟,原來吉姆送給妻子一套發梳,德拉已經用不著了,接著,德拉送禮物給吉姆,再次出人意料,德拉的禮物也派不上用場了,因為吉姆的金錶也賣掉了。故事到此結束,卻給人回味無窮。這是典型的「歐·亨利式情節」和「歐·亨利結局」,歐·亨利的寫作風格我們可以從這里大概了解到一些。
文章極具「歐·亨利式的語言」,幽默、風趣、詼諧、俏皮、善用誇張和比喻。如那句「現在,他的收入縮減到二十美元,『迪林厄姆』 的字母也顯得模糊不清,似乎它們正嚴肅地思忖著是否縮寫成謙遜而又講求實際的字母D。」給窮人生活的無奈增添了喜劇的色彩。
文章還極為細膩地刻畫了人物的形象,他描寫德拉瘦小而靈巧,身材苗條,特別是形容她的頭發,用了誇張和比喻的手法,「如果示巴女王也住在天井對面的公寓里,總有一天德拉會把頭發披散下來,露出窗外晾乾,使那女王的珍珠寶貝黔然失色。」 「德拉的秀發潑撒在她的周圍,微波起伏,閃耀光芒,有如那褐色的瀑布。」他描寫吉姆,「吉姆站在屋裡的門口邊,紋絲不動地好像獵犬嗅到了鵪鶉的氣味似的。他的兩眼固定在德拉身上」。「『你說你的頭發沒有了嗎?』他差不多是白痴似地問道。」把一個疼愛妻子,甘願把祖傳家寶賣掉為妻子買禮物的丈夫的形象生動地刻畫出來。
讀完這篇文章,我們不免感到遺憾那對貧窮的夫妻,為了愛人,他們賣掉了自己最為珍貴的東西,可是他們送給對方的禮物卻都沒有用處了。盡管這樣,我們還是從中體會到那對夫妻的純潔和善良,體會到他們永恆的愛情,同時也領會到美國下層人民生活的艱難和辛酸,作者對他們事實給予了深深的同情和祝福的。
最後一段,揭示文章的深刻主題,麥琪本是指聖嬰基督出生時來自東方送禮的三賢人,作者把他們稱作是麥琪,表現了他對勞動人民的尊重和熱愛,同時給他們的禮物披上了神聖的色彩,是具有人性的,閃爍著愛的光芒的禮物。
⑧ 《二十年後》(歐亨利)全文
全文:
紐約的一條大街上,一位值勤的警察正沿街走著。一陣冷颼颼的風向他迎面吹來。已近夜間10點,街上的行人寥寥無幾了。
在一家小店鋪的門口,昏暗的燈光下站著一個男子。他的嘴裡叼著一支沒有點燃的雪茄煙。警察放慢了腳步,認真地看了他一眼,然後,向那個男子走了過去。
「這兒沒有出什麼事,警官先生。」看見警察向自己走來,那個男子很快地說,「我只是在這兒等一位朋友罷了。這是20年前定下的一個約會。你聽了覺得稀奇,是嗎?好吧,如果有興致聽的話,我來給你講講。大約20年前,這兒,這個店鋪現在所佔的地方,原來是一家餐館……」
「那餐館5年前就被拆除了。」警察接上去說。
男子劃了根火柴,點燃了叼在嘴上的雪茄。借著火柴的亮光,警察發現這個男子臉色蒼白,右眼角附近有一塊小小的白色的傷疤。
「20年前的今天晚上,」男子繼續說,「我和吉米·維爾斯在這兒的餐館共進晚餐。哦,吉米是我最要好的朋友。我們倆都是在紐約這個城市裡長大的。從孩提時候起,我們就親密無間,情同手足。
當時,我正准備第二天早上就動身到西部去謀生。那天夜晚臨分手的時候,我們倆約定:20年後的同一日期、同一時間,我們倆將來到這里再次相會。」
「這聽起來倒挺有意思的。」警察說,「你們分手以後,你就沒有收到過你那位朋友的信嗎?」
「哦,收到過他的信。有一段時間我們曾相互通信。」那男子 說,「可是一兩年之後,我們就失去了聯系。你知道,西部是個很大的地方。而我呢,又總是不斷地東奔西跑。可我相信,吉米只要還活著,就一定會來這兒和我相會的。他是我最信得過的朋友啦。」
說完,男子從口袋裡掏出一塊小巧玲球的金錶。表上的寶石在黑暗中閃閃發光。「九點五十七分了。」
他說,「我們上一次是十點整在這兒的餐館分手的。」
「你在西部混得不錯吧?」警察問道。
「當然羅!吉米的光景要是能趕上我的一半就好了。啊,實在不容易啊!這些年來,我一直不得不東奔西跑……」
又是一陣冷贈颼的風穿街而過。接著,一片沉寂。他們倆誰也沒有說話。過了一會兒,警察准備離開這里。
「我得走了,」他對那個男子說,「我希望你的朋友很快就會到來。假如他不準時趕來,你會離開這兒嗎?」
「不會的。我起碼要再等他半個小時。如果吉米他還活在人間,他到時候一定會來到這兒的。就說這些吧,再見,警官先生。」
「再見,先生。」警察一邊說著,一邊沿街走去,街上已經沒有行人了,空盪盪的。
出處:出自美國作家歐·亨利的《二十年後》。
(8)現實主義短篇小說英文擴展閱讀:
創作背景:
1862年,美國林肯總統在《宅地法》中規定,任何公民只需交15美元的證件費,便可在美國西部得到一塊相當於160英畝的土地;在這塊土地上連續耕作五年以上就可成為這塊土地的主人,這一措施民主地解決了獨立戰爭期間的土地問題,同時激發了美國人勤勞創業、發財的熱情。
這時的人們純朴、勤勞、勇敢,充滿活力和生氣,他們彼此重義氣、講交情,盡管他們在對付滿腔怒火的印第安人時也干盡了野蠻的掠奪、殺戮等強盜行徑,正如在西部文學作品中所看到的那樣。
但也許是遠離城市,西部資產階級內部尚未染上唯利是圖、爾虞我詐的惡習,或者說為對付險惡的自然環境他們尚未顧及內部的傾軋和吞並。
19世紀末20世紀初期的美國,處於資本主義飛速發展階段,出現了資本集中和無產階級的貧困化,同時,中小資產階級的破產及失業大軍的不斷擴大,使美國社會的階級矛盾不斷尖銳化和表面化。
美國南北戰爭以前的文學,由於受資本主義的民主、自由理想所鼓舞,作家們多用浪漫主義手法進行創作;戰後的文學,由於生活理想的破滅,作家們多以現實主義手法來表現生活。歐·亨利就是這些理想破滅了的作家中的一個,其人生之路崎嶇、艱苦而又不幸。
歐·亨利當過牧童、葯劑師、辦事員、制圖員、出納員等。歐·亨利長期生活在下層,形形色色的社會現象使他對這些矛盾心感身受。在他優秀的作品中,對資本主義腐朽的制度、猙獰的法律、虛偽的道德、庸俗的生活等各個方面的丑惡現象,都做了一定程度的揭露、諷刺和批判。
⑨ 幾本好看的英文小說適合初中生看的介紹作者
1、《傲慢與偏見》
圖書簡介
《霧都孤兒》是英國作家狄更斯於1838年出版的寫實小說。以霧都倫敦為背景,講述了一個孤兒悲慘的身世及遭遇,主人公奧立弗在孤兒院長大,經歷學徒生涯,艱苦逃難,誤入賊窩,又被迫與狠毒的凶徒為伍,歷盡無數辛酸,最後在善良人的幫助下,查明身世並獲得了幸福。如同狄更斯的其他小說,本書揭露許多當時的社會問題,如救濟院、童工、以及幫派吸收青少年參與犯罪等。本書曾多次改編為電影、電視及舞台劇。世界知名導演羅曼。波蘭斯基於2005年也曾將此書拍成電影。
作者簡介
查爾斯·狄更斯(Charles John Huffam Dickens,1812~1870),英國小說家,出生於海軍小職員家庭,10歲時全家被迫遷入負債者監獄,11歲就承擔起繁重的家務勞動。曾在皮鞋作坊當學徒,16歲時在律師事務所當繕寫員,後擔任報社采訪記者。他只上過幾年學,全靠刻苦自學和艱辛勞動成為知名作家。他生活在英國由半封建社會向工業資本主義社會的過渡時期。其作品廣泛而深刻地描寫這時期社會生活的各個方面,鮮明而生動地刻畫了各階層的代表人物形象,並從人道主義出發對各種丑惡的社會現象及其代表人物進行揭露批判,對勞動人民的苦難及其反抗斗爭給以同情和支持。但同時他也宣揚以「仁愛」為中心的忍讓寬恕和階級調和思想。對勞動人民的反抗斗爭抱行動上支持而道德上否定的矛盾態度。表現了他的現實主義的強大力量和軟弱空想。狄更斯一生共創作了14部長篇小說,許多中、短篇小說和雜文、游記、戲劇、小品。其中最著名的作品是描寫勞資矛盾的長篇代表作《艱難時代》(1854)和描寫1789年法國革命的另一篇代表作《雙城記》(1859)。前者展示了工業資本家對工人的殘酷剝削和壓迫,描寫了工人階級的團結斗爭,並批判了為資本家剝削辯護的自由競爭原則和功利主義學說。後者以法國貴族的荒淫殘暴、人民群眾的重重苦難和法國大革命的歷史威力,來影射當時的英國社會現實,預示這場「可怕的大火」也將在法國重演。
最後,奉上
[整理版]適合初中生看的英文小說http://www.docin.com/p-1079957126.html
⑩ 歐亨利短篇小說的這篇評論文章怎樣翻譯成英文急急急
The 1 little people, big wisdom
The realistic strength is typical of O Henry's novels, characters protagonists, oftenburst out the wisdom in the crucial moment
The spark of wisdom, and use their wisdom to illuminate the people's mind, makingpeople ll and often played a conflict between you not human role.
Such as "Hargreaves" in imitation of the theater actor Haag Foss, in order to createa stubborn, arrogant, Chen Jiuqie stick in the mud of the southern soldiers stage image, and from the south of the retired major tal Bert made friends, and in its not
Imitate the prototype for the stage play the protagonist informed, imitating Hargreaves finally in Washington theater and achieved great success, but also deeply hurt that major Talbot the truth of the heart. In order to save their own faultand expressed his regret, that major Talbot squeezed Hargreaves decided to continue his performance, this time he played an old black uncle Moss, donated amajor three hundred dollars in return for tal Bert major former care as,overwhelmed by the major for gospel truth, glad to accept the money and no, thatstood in front of him is his spirit 7 liters smoke Hargreaves. Hargreaves expressedhis regret with own wisdom, the fracture between North and south, the gap betweenblack and white contrast all seem so ridiculous and not worth mentioning, but alsobring out the old person to be set in one's way of irony.
2, the humble identity has a noble mind
O Henry in the works the vast majority of ink and space on human feelings, the good things and eulogize noble mind, instead of the ugly and dark side often alluded to, some even to mention it, but for the readers to ponder. All the writingwriter not only plays by contrast that "beauty is more beautiful, the ugly and theugly" effect (4), and makes a wisps of poetry can often heavy social reality, which makes people face the dilemma and increase the ugly courage and determination.
"Return of the prodigal son" of Jimmy is an example, ahead of the release of Jimmyto steal a style unique, he even have their own special tools, however, he was tired of stealing the life, also does not want to and the police pull what non change one's name and surname, so he went to a remote be open and aboveboard Town,started a new life. Return of the prodigal son of his fame and love decent, however,when he faced was inadvertently locked to the insured cabinet children have encountered difficulties, conscience eventually prevailed, he once again became athief Jimmy, easily with his specialized tools to open the safe and rescued the child.However justified his oncoming old acquaintances detective Preiss ready to fightbut harvest this sentence: "I think you are mistaken, Mr. Spencer," the detectivewas his sacrifice spirit, makes him the return of the prodigal son. The author praises Jimmy noble heart, also silent praised: good warmth, will play to the extremeto the reader is left a few questions: Jimmy is a good man (the prison police also said he nature not bad), why would he do the thief? What makes a man not badpeople to become a thief? Perhaps the world and decadent Yanliang of social system will give the readers an answer. But here we see is the identity between the cops and thieves contrast reflected the truth of human power, between security andsacrificial selection contrast against the background of the people of the humblenoble conscience, such as the thief who can also have a noble heart.
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