英美中短篇小说鉴赏

㈠ 英语短篇小故事要有中文翻译

The Thirsty Pigeon口渴的鸽子

A PIGEON, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders.

Zeal should not outrun discretion.

有只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一个水瓶，以为是真的。他立刻呼呼地猛飞过 去，不料一头碰撞在画板上，折断了翅膀，摔在地上，被人轻易地捉住了。

这是说，有些人想急于得到所需的东西，一时冲动，草率从事，就会身遭不幸。

The Raven and the Swan乌鸦和天鹅

A RAVEN saw a Swan and desired to secure for himself the same beautiful plumage. Supposing that the Swan's splendid white color arose from his washing in the water in which he swam, the Raven left the altars in the neighborhood where he picked up his living, and took up residence in the lakes and pools. But cleansing his feathers as often as he would, he could not change their color, while through want of food he perished.

Change of habit cannot alter Nature.

乌鸦非常羡慕天鹅洁白的羽毛。他猜想天鹅一定是经常洗澡，羽毛才变得如此洁白无 瑕。于是，他毅然离开了他赖以生存的祭坛，来到江湖边。他天天洗刷自己的羽毛，不但一 点都没洗白，反而因缺少食物饥饿而死。

这故事是说，人的本性不会随着生活方式的改变而改变。

The Goat and the Goatherd 山羊与牧羊人

A GOATHERD had sought to bring back a stray goat to his flock. He whistled and sounded his horn in vain; the straggler paid no attention to the summons. At last the Goatherd threw a stone, and breaking its horn, begged the Goat not to tell his master. The Goat replied, "Why, you silly fellow, the horn will speak though I be silent."

Do not attempt to hide things which cannot be hid.

很多山羊被牧羊人赶到羊圈里。有一只山羊不知在吃什么好东西，单独落在后面。牧羊 人拿起一块石头扔了过去，正巧打断了山羊的一只角。牧羊人吓得请求山羊不要告诉主人， 山羊说：“即使我不说，又怎能隐瞒下去呢？我的角已断了，这是十分明显的事实。”

这故事说明，明显的罪状是无法隐瞒的。

The Miser守财奴

A MISER sold all that he had and bought a lump of gold, which he buried in a hole in the ground by the side of an old wall and went to look at daily. One of his workmen observed his frequent visits to the spot and decided to watch his movements. He soon discovered the secret of the hidden treasure, and digging down, came to the lump of gold, and stole it. The Miser, on his next visit, found the hole empty and began to tear his hair and to make loud lamentations. A neighbor, seeing him overcome with grief and learning the cause, said, "Pray do not grieve so; but go and take a stone, and place it in the hole, and fancy that the gold is still lying there. It will do you quite the same service; for when the gold was there, you had it not, as you did not make the slightest use of it."

有个守财奴变卖了他所有的家产，换回了金块，并秘密地埋在一个地方。他每天走去看 看他的宝藏。有个在附近放羊的牧人留心观察，知道了真情，趁他走后，挖出金块拿走了。 守财奴再来时，发现洞中的金块没有了，便捶胸痛哭。有个人见他如此悲痛，问明原因后， 说道：“喂，朋友，别再难过了，那块金子虽是你买来的，但并不是你真正拥有的。去拿一 块石头来，代替金块放在洞里，只要你心里想着那是块金子，你就会很高兴。这样与你拥有 真正的金块效果没什么不同。依我之见，你拥有那金块时，也从没用过。”

这故事说明，一切财物如不使用等于没有。

The Wolf and the Lamb 狼与小羊

WOLF, meeting with a Lamb astray from the fold, resolved not to lay violent hands on him, but to find some plea to justify to the Lamb the Wolf's right to eat him. He thus addressed him:"Sirrah, last year you grossly insulted me." "Indeed," bleated the Lamb in a mournful tone of voice, "I was not then born." Then said the Wolf , "You feed in my pasture." "No, good sir," replied the Lamb, "I have not yet tasted grass." Again said the Wolf, "You drink of my well." "No," exclaimed the Lamb, "I never yet drank water, for as yet my mother's milk is both food and drink to me." Upon which the Wolf seized him and ate him up, saying, "Well! I won't remain supperless, even though you refute every one of my imputations."

The tyrant will always find a pretext for his tyranny.

一只小羊在河边喝水，狼见到后，便想找一个名正言顺的借口吃掉他。于是他跑到上游，恶狠狠地说小羊把河水搅浑浊了，使他喝不到清水。小羊回答说，他仅仅站在河边喝水，并且又在下游，根本不可能把上游的水搅浑。狼见此计不成，又说道：“我父亲去年被你骂过。”小羊说，那时他还没有出生。狼对他说：“不管你怎样辩解，反正我不会放过 你。”

这说明，对恶人做任何正当的辩解也是无效的。

The Bat and the Weasels蝙蝠与黄鼠狼

A BAT who fell upon the ground and was caught by a Weasel pleaded to be spared his life. The Weasel refused, saying that he was by nature the enemy of all birds. The Bat assured him that he was not a bird, but a mouse, and thus was set free. Shortly afterwards the Bat again fell to the ground and was caught by another Weasel, whom he likewise entreated not to eat him. The Weasel said that he had a special hostility to mice. The Bat assured him that he was not a mouse, but a bat, and thus a second time escaped.

It is wise to turn circumstances to good account.

蝙蝠掉落在地上，被黄鼠狼叼去，他请求饶命。黄鼠狼说绝不会放过他，自己生来痛恨鸟类。蝙蝠说他是老鼠，不是鸟，便被放了。后来蝙蝠又掉落了下来，被另一只黄鼠狼叼住，他再三请求不要吃他。这只黄鼠狼说他恨一切鼠类。蝙蝠改口说自己是鸟类，并非老 鼠，又被放了。这样，蝙蝠两次改变了自己的名字，终于死里逃生。

这故事说明，我们遇事要随机应变方能避免危险。

The Ass and the Grasshopper 驴子与蚱蜢

AN ASS having heard some Grasshoppers chirping, was highly enchanted; and, desiring to possess the same charms of melody, demanded what sort of food they lived on to give them such beautiful voices. They replied, "The dew." The Ass resolved that he would live only upon dew, and in a short time died of hunger.
驴子听见蚱蜢唱歌，被美妙动听的歌声所打动，自己也想能发出同样悦耳动听的声音，便 羡慕地问他们吃些什么，才能发出如此美妙的声音来。蚱蜢答道：“吃露水。”驴子便也只吃露水，没多久就饿死了。

这个故事告诉人们不要企望非份之物。

The Lion and the Mouse 狮子与报恩的老鼠

A LION was awakened from sleep by a Mouse running over his face. Rising up angrily, he caught him and was about to kill him, when the Mouse piteously entreated, saying: "If you would only spare my life, I would be sure to repay your kindness." The Lion laughed and let him go. It happened shortly after this that the Lion was caught by some hunters, who bound him by strong ropes to the ground. The Mouse, recognizing his roar, came and gnawed the rope with his teeth and set him free, exclaiming:
"You ridiculed the idea of my ever being able to help you, expecting to receive from me any repayment of your favor; now you know that it is possible for even a Mouse to con benefits on a Lion."

狮子睡着了，有只老鼠跳到了他身上。狮子猛然站起来，把他抓住，准备吃掉。老鼠请求饶命，并说如果保住性命，必将报恩，狮子轻蔑地笑了笑，便把他放走了。不久，狮子真的被老鼠救了性命。原来狮子被一个猎人抓获，并用绳索把他捆在一棵树上。老鼠听到了他 的哀嚎，走过去咬断绳索，放走了狮子，并说：
“你当时嘲笑我，不相信能得到我的报答， 现在可清楚了，老鼠也能报恩。” 这故事说明，时运交替变更，强者也会有需要弱者的时候。

㈡ 求几篇短篇小说赏析。

羊脂球赏析 http://www.blogms.com/StBlogPageMain/Efp_BlogLogSee.aspx?cBlogLog=1002134972

套中人赏析
提起契诃夫的短篇小说，自然很容易使人想起他笔下的“套中人”别里科夫。契诃夫在短短的篇幅里，以讽刺的手法，入木三分地刻画出这一沙皇专制制度的忠实卫道士的典型形象。
作品开始时光从他的日常生活着手，描绘他在生活中一刻也离不开各种各样的“套子”：晴天带雨伞，耳朵塞棉花，把脸也躲藏在竖起的大衣领里。如果仅仅这样，那么只是孤僻可笑罢了，就让他躲在角落里吧；然而不止如此，他还要把思想臧在“套子”里，这个“套子”就是沙皇政府压制人民自由的文告和法令，他老是一个劲地嚷着：“千万别闹出乱子啊！”如果仅仅是这样，那就让他自言自语吧，用不着理睬他。但是问题远不止此。他还要用“套子”去凑别人的思想。更令人诧异的是大家看见他都害怕。就是这么一个古怪猥琐的人，就把大家压得透不过气来，把整个中学辖制了足足十五年，而且全城都受他的辖制，弄得大家甚至不敢大声说话，不敢写信，不敢交朋友……总而言之，人们对这个神经质的、变态的套中人妥协让步，可以说许多人也被迫不同程度地钻进“套子”中去了。作者在这里向我们提出一个令人深思的问题，别里科夫并不是达官贵人，他没有显赫的地位和权势，而是一个普通的中学教员，他在生活中是无足轻重的人物。在作者的笔下，他不是作为单个的人，而是作为知识界和社会上的一种典型，是旧制度、旧秩序、旧思想的忠实维护者，人们害怕他，其实是被那黑暗污浊的政治空气压得喘不过气来。当时的俄国，亚历山大三世实行恐怖统治，在俄罗斯大地上警探密布，告密诬陷之风盛行，在社会上确实有许许多多的别里科夫式的人物。作品通过别里科夫这个人物将批判锋芒直指扼杀一切生机的沙皇专制制度。
从艺术上着眼，小说最大的特色是讽刺手法的大量运用。首先以夸张的笔墨给别里科夫画了一张惟纱惟肖的漫画，显得多么迂腐和可笑。另外还运用巧妙的对比手法，以他荒谬绝伦的思想和他一本正经的语言构成一种对比，使人忍俊不禁。骑自行车，本是一件很平常的事，在他眼里却变成了极为反常的事，他一本正经地指责道：如果教师骑自行车，那么“学生就要倒过来用脑袋来走路了”。作品还不露痕迹地运用了反语和丰富的潜台词，极其辛辣地嘲笑了别里科夫，作者写道：“他躺在棺材里，神情温和、愉快，甚至高兴，”瞧！这个“套中人”死了，反而倒有神采了！作者接着指出：原来他“仿佛是暗自庆幸自己终于装进了一个套子里，从此再也不必出来了，是啊！他的理想实现了”。这是何等辛辣的讽刺！作者暗示我们，只有棺材，才是别里科夫应该去的地方，而且这也应当是一切“套中人”最好的归宿。
小说的开头与结尾也不能忽略。它们是作品的重要组成部分，起了深化主题的作用。小说是从一月夜两位打猎朋友的聊天开始的，他们本是海阔天空地闲聊，殊不知别里科夫的故事，引起了他们的感慨和深思。开始的轻松宁静和别里科夫的故事的沉闷气氛形成了一种反差，接着又引出了一段皎洁恬静的月色的描绘。这又和别里科夫的故事形成一种反差；大自然是宁静美好的。现实生活又是那么黑暗污浊。于是在那个月夜里，布尔金和伊凡·伊凡内奇浮想联翩，想到生活中的种种套子。作品最后写到伊凡·伊凡内奇再也不能入睡了，他站了起来，坐到门外，点上了烟斗。也许，他想到：再也不能照这样生活下去了！小说的这个结尾耐人寻味

我就只找到这些，希望你能有帮助

㈢ 有哪些值得翻译的英文短篇小说 在中国还未翻译的

《欣然同意》（Agreeable）是美国作家乔纳森·弗兰岑的一篇短篇小说。乔纳森·弗兰岑是近两年在美国文坛受人瞩目的一个作家，早在1988年他就获得“怀丁作家奖”，在2010年他的写作到达一种顶峰状态，登上《时代》周刊的封面，被誉为“伟大的美国作家”。在翻译《欣然同意》的过程中，译者最大的感受是小说翻译作为文学翻译的一种，有其独特的特点，同时译者在英译汉这个跨文化交流的活动中面对文学翻译的语言、艺术审美及其具有的社会文化功能方面的基本问题，在翻译过程中不仅要做到译意，还要译“情”、译“味”、译“韵”。①将美学理念与审美思维有机结合起来，并将之运用到文学翻译实践当中去，从而最大限度地使译入语文本接近源语文本，极力提高两者的相似性，是文学翻译者所应追求的目标之一。笔者将从短篇小说翻策略的角度入手，阐述英文小说翻译的一些技巧。

㈣ 英国的短篇小说，有哪些值得推荐

个人推荐下英国著名小说家狄更斯的《信号员》吧，也是英国十大名著之一吧。这个小说读完特别让人深思，主要是讲小镇一个信号员总能预测灾难的东西成为现实。他成了唯一一个灾难的预测者。知道最后一次预测他也成为牺牲者。也表现了作者对底层人民悲惨命运不能改变的悲悯。看完之后我觉得引用波波的话吧：人生中%99的时间可能都是不幸的但是我们要善于发现其中%1的万幸，好好珍惜现在的每一天吧。

㈤ 马克吐温的英文短篇小说【中英文版的最好】

《汤姆·索亚历险记》和《哈克贝里·芬历险记》英汉对译，都是长篇小说，但可节选： http://www.wwenglish.com/en/z/n/novel/

㈥ 英文短中篇小说，难易适中哈，3500-4000字，翻译老师作业，最好是比较著名的哈，谢谢了，！！不胜感激~

Alan Austen, as nervous as a kitten, went up certain dark and creaky stairs in the neighborhood of Pell Street, and peered about for a long time on the dim landing before he found the name he wanted written obscurely on one of the doors.

He pushed open this door, as he had been told to do, and found himself in a tiny room, which contained no furniture but a plain kitchen table, a rocking chair, and an ordinary chair. On one of the dirty, buff-coloured walls were a couple of shelves, containing in all perhaps a dozen bottles and jars.

An old man sat in the rocking chair, reading a newspaper. Alan, without a word, handed him the card he had been given. "Sit down, Mr. Austen," said the old man very politely. "I am glad to make your acquaintance."

"Is it true," asked Alan, "that you have a certain mixture that has... er... quite extraordinary effects?"

"My dear sir," replied the old man, "my stock in trade is not very large — I don't deal in laxatives and teething mixtures — but such as it is, it is varied. I think nothing I sell has effects which could be precisely described as ordinary."

"Well, the fact is..." began Alan.

"Here, for example," interrupted the old man, reaching for a bottle from the shelf. "Here is a liquid as colourless as water, almost tasteless, quite imperceptible in coffee, wine, or any other beverage. It is also quite imperceptible to any known method of autopsy."

"Do you mean it is a poison?" cried Alan, very much horrified.

"Call it a glove-cleaner if you like," said the old man indifferently. "Maybe it will clean gloves. I have never tried. One might call it a life-cleaner. Lives need cleaning sometimes."

"I want nothing of that sort," said Alan.

"Probably it is just as well," said the old man. "Do you know the price of this? For one teaspoonful, which is sufficient, I ask five thousand dollars. Never less. Not a penny less."

"I hope all your mixtures are not as expensive," said Alan apprehensively.

"Oh dear, no," said the old man. "It would be no good charging that sort of price for a love potion, for example. Young people who need a love potion very seldom have five thousand dollars. Otherwise they would not need a love potion."

"I am glad to hear that," said Alan.

"I look at it like this," said the old man. "Please a customer with one article, and he will come back when he needs another. Even if it is more costly. He will save up for it, if necessary."

"So," said Alan, "you really do sell love potions?

"If I did not sell love potions," said the old man, reaching for another bottle, "I should not have mentioned the other matter to you. It is only when one is in a position to oblige that one can afford to be so confidential."

"And these potions," said Alan. "They are not just... just... er...

"Oh, no," said the old man. "Their effects are permanent, and extend far beyond the mere casual impulse. But they include it. Oh, yes they include it. Bountifully, insistently. Everlastingly."

"Dear me!" said Alan, attempting a look of scientific detachment. "How very interesting!"

"But consider the spiritual side," said the old man.

"I do, indeed," said Alan.

"For indifference," said the old man, "they substitute devotion. For scorn, adoration. Give one tiny measure of this to the young lady — its flavour is imperceptible in orange juice, soup, or cocktails — and however gay and giddy she is, she will change altogether. She will want nothing but solitude and you."

"I can hardly believe it," said Alan. "She is so fond of parties."

"She will not like them any more," said the old man. "She will be afraid of the pretty girls you may meet."

"She will actually be jealous?" cried Alan in a rapture "Of me?"

"Yes, she will want to be everything to you."

"She is, already. Only she doesn't care about it."

"She will, when she has taken this. She will care intensely. You will be her sole interest in life."

"Wonderful!" cried Alan.

"She will want to know all you do," said the old man. "All that has happened to you ring the day. Every word of it. She will want to know what you are thinking about, why you smile suddenly, why you are looking sad."

"That is love!" cried Alan.

"Yes," said the old man. "How carefully she will look after you! She will never allow you to be tired, to sit in a draught, to neglect your food. If you are an hour late, she will be terrified. She will think you are killed, or that some siren has caught you."

"I can hardly imagine Diana like that!" cried Alan, overwhelmed with joy.

"You will not have to use your imagination," said the old man. "And, by the way, since there are always sirens, if by any chance you should, later on, slip a little, you need not worry. She will forgive you, in the end. She will be terribly hurt, of course, but she will forgive you — in the end."

"That will not happen," said Alan fervently

"Of course not," said the old man. "But, if it did, you need not worry. She would never divorce you. Oh, no! And, of course, she will never give you the least, the very least, grounds for — uneasiness."

"And how much," said Alan, "is this wonderful mixture?"

"It is not as dear," said the old man, "as the glove-cleaner, or life-cleaner, as I sometimes call it. No. That is five thousand dollars, never a penny less. One has to be older than you are, to inlge in that sort of thing. One has to save up for it."

"But the love potion?" said Alan.

"Oh, that," said the old man, opening the drawer in the kitchen table, and taking out a tiny, rather dirty-looking phial. "That is just a dollar."

"I can't tell you how grateful I am," said Alan, watching him fill it.

"I like to oblige," said the old man. "Then customers come back, later in life, when they are better off, and want more expensive things. Here you are. You will find it very effective."

"Thank you again," said Alan. "Good-bye."

"Au revoir," said the man.

㈦ 中外名家作品，短篇小说，加赏析1000字左右

---《骆驼祥子》
老舍—一个伟大的人民艺术家，一个让后人永远敬仰的文学巨匠，一座永恒的丰碑。他一生创作了许多经典的作品，比如:长篇小说《离婚》，《老张的哲学》；戏剧《龙须沟》，《茶馆》，《春花秋实》；短篇小说集《火车集》，《樱海集》等等。但其中最著名的要算《骆驼祥子》了。
《骆驼祥子》这部小说以二十年代末期的北京市民生活为背景，以人力车夫祥子的坎坷悲惨生活遭遇为主要情节，深刻揭露了旧中国的黑暗，控诉了统治阶级对劳动人民的深切同情。祥子是北京旧三十年代一位青年车夫，善良，正直，他的理想是车，拥有一辆属于自己的车。于是，他省吃俭用，起早摸黑。三年之后终于得偿所愿，但是那时是抗战时期，北平乱成一团，祥子稀里糊涂地被抓去打杂，更痛苦的是他的寄托—车，也被夺走了。千辛万苦逃了出来，回到“仁和厂子”继续拉车。但是痛苦还没结束：厂主刘四爷的女儿虎妞看上了祥子，并诱惑他，祥子上了当，不得不娶了虎妞，不多久虎妞就死于难产。
从此以后祥子就堕落了，以前的善良正直不见了，他憎恨任何人。拉车也不去了，吃喝嫖赌的恶习也染上了，他可以为金钱出卖朋友，彻底沦为了行尸走肉。
祥子的悲剧，是他所置身的社会生活环境的产物。小说，真实地展现了那个黑暗社会的生活面目，展现了军阀、特务、车厂主们的丑恶面目，如果不是他们的迫害，祥子也不会从充满希望走向堕落，一个曾经勤劳坚忍，有着自己目标的人最后却沦为了社会垃圾----这不就是可悲的人生吗？也许这才是现实，残酷、悲哀、无可奈何。
理想和现实总是充满了矛盾，它们往往不能调和，然而它们却又同时存在。社会是现实的，它不会为了一个人的理想而改变，也不会是完美无瑕的。对于骆驼祥子，我感到遗憾，感到惋惜，也感到无奈，但也感到敬佩，我佩服他从前的坚强，他的上进。然而他最终没能战胜自己，没能战胜社会，终究还是被打败了。
虽然这只是一本小说，但是它折射出了人性的懦弱，毕竟能够一生都坚忍不拔的人是少数，但我们可以在追求的过程中慢慢改变。毕竟明天会怎样？我们都不得而知，但是我们可以把握今天。

㈧ 归在语言 异在文化 ——关于欧亨利两篇短篇小说译文的评析和对比

一. 析归异之偏爱，求归异之平衡

归化与异化的说法最早来源于1813年6月24日德国早期思想家斯莱尔马赫（Schleiermacher）在柏林皇家科学院所作的题为《论翻译的方法》的演讲，他认为翻译不是尽可能让读者靠拢作者，就是让作者靠拢读者。归化与异化主要包含两大类，一是语言层面，一是文化层面。然而归化异化各自倾向于哪个层面，孙致礼教授认为：“翻译的根本任务是忠实再现原作的思想和风格，而原作的思想和风格都带有浓厚的异国情调，翻译中不采用异化的方法，很难完成这一使命。与此同时，为了达到译文像原作一样通顺的要求，译者在语言表达中，又不得不作出必要的归化。”由此可知，在翻译过程中，异化侧重于思想文化的处理，归化侧重于语言表达的处理。然而具体翻译中，通常同时涉及到文化和语言的处理，因此析归异之偏爱后，应该求归化与异化的平衡，归化异化互为补充。

二. 译海拾贝：小说《婚》和《没》的译本赏析和对比

1. 译文和译者简介

欧亨利小说以其出人意料而又合乎情理的结尾情节设计深受读者喜爱。本文选取的两篇小说《婚》和《没》都体现了欧亨利对小人物的命运的同情和关心，同时也对他们自身的劣根性提出了辛辣的嘲讽和批评，是典型的欧亨利式小说。同时选择的译本分别是2010年中国对外翻译出版社出版的张经浩先生的译本和2010年人民文学出版社出版的王永年先生的译本。选择这两种译本的原因有三，第一是这两种译本在各大网上书店销售量大；第二是这两种译本各有千秋，但是都能体现语言层面归化和文化层面异化的杂糅；第三，同是采取归化策略，张译本和王译本在表达方式上有所不同，可以作出比较，各取其长，各补其短。

2. 归化的具体体现

“欣赏翻译的艺术就是要看译者如何利用目标语的语言资源去克服翻译困难。”汉语特有的语言资源有主要有量词，叠字和四字格以及古体语。这四种处理方法，实际上是撇开了原语中的词语和句法转而迎合目的语的表达方式，尽量照顾目的语读者的需要，是归化的处理方法。

从张译《婚》版本中，我们可以看到归化的具体表现如下：

量词：一卷钞票；一大叠钞票

叠词：醉醺醺；

四字格：当之无愧；拼死拼活；笨手笨脚；胡子拉碴；应接不暇；兴师动众；怀才不遇；不三不四；十有八九；财源滚滚；滑头滑脑；天衣无缝；络绎不绝；两厢情愿

古体语：见下文例3

王译《婚》版本中：

量词：一幢房子；一条人鱼；一张五元钞票；一支雪茄；一则广告；一封回信；一卷大额钞票

叠词：冷冷地；咕噜噜；

四字格：酩酊大醉；游手好闲；唯利是图；嬉皮涎脸；不可开交；无懈可击；难分难舍；和盘托出

古体语：见下文例3

下面我们来对上述方法在译文中的具体运用做简要分析和对比：

例1：An old friend of mine, Zeke Trotter, had made his wife a widow a year before drinking some dyspepsia cure of the old doctor’s instead of the liniment that he always got boozed up on.  （斜体部分为本文作者所加，下同）

张译：我有位老朋友，叫齐克特罗特。平常他总是灌黄汤灌得醉醺醺，一年前有次没灌好，吃了老医生治消化不良的药，让老婆成了寡妇。 

王译：我有个老朋友，齐克特罗特，去年喝了一个老医生的消化药，而没有喝那种老是使他酩酊大醉的万应药，结果害的老婆当了寡妇。

此处，张译版本在翻译”got boozed up”时采用了ABB叠词处理方法。叠词能够增强语言音律美和节奏感，使得译出的汉语更有表现力，更易使读者接受。如果此处不使用叠词，而是直译为”他总是灌黄汤灌醉”,意思表达依然完整，但是表现力大打折扣。而此处王译版本将其处理为四字格亦可，表达力也较强。两种处理办法均可。

例2：Out of that number something like thirty hundred will expect to give you in exchange, if they should win you, the carcass of a lazy and mercenary loafer, a failure in life, a swindler and contemptible fortune seeker.(206)

张译：你等着瞧吧，这三千人里有三千零一或者是懒汉，或者是见钱眼开的人，或者是倒霉鬼，骗子，存心不良搞钱财的家伙。(张经浩，第48页)

王译：在那批人中间，假如他们侥幸赢得了你的心，约莫就有三千人准备给你一个游手好闲，唯利是图的臭皮囊，一个生活的失意人，一个骗子手和可鄙的淘金者作为交换。（王永年，第161页）

此处张译本将”thirty hundred”归化翻译为汉语中的特有句式”三千人里有三千零一个”,从中可以看出译者对原文的深刻理解和在表达上的匠心独运。原文所对应的名词直译应该为”三千人”，但是此处译者加入了自己的理解：就译者看来，这些居心不良的求婚者不在少数，甚至人人都各怀鬼胎，因此译者大胆使用汉语特有的夸张句式”三千人里有三千零一个”，使得读者能充分感受到当时整个社会人们道德水平普遍低下的境况的言外之意，不失为一种归化的妙译。反观王译本当中直译成“三千人”就缺乏夸张的效果。并且从句式上看，王译本对原文几乎是直接直译过来，显得拖沓生硬，而张译本更符合汉语的表达。因此，该处张译本采取归化的方法处理更为恰当。

例3：Would prefer a poor man with affectionate disposition to one with means as she realizes that the solid virtues are oftenest to be found in the humble walks of life.(205)

张译：念卑贱者往往忠厚，故宁择贫而情笃者。(张经浩，第47页)

王译：……然性情必须温良，因微贱之人多具美德。(王永年，第159页到160页)

此处，两种译本都采取归化的方法将原文翻译成汉语味道浓郁的偏古体句，巧妙的将英语中的长难句简化成符合汉语习惯的短句，赢得了汉语读者的好感。两种译本均可，然而张译本更是运用了对偶句，加强了译本的文学性和节奏感，因此略胜一筹。

3. 异化的具体体现

翻译的根本任务是忠实再现原作的思想和风格。然而有时候原作的思想和风格都带有浓郁的异国色彩，或者说蕴含非常强烈的文化内涵，归化的译法无法传达出其意义，此时就应该采用异化的方法。具体来说是就是直译和解注文化负载词。即，特意使用“不地道”的汉语，目的是保留原作的文化内涵。

据统计，张译《没》总共有注解11处，其中属于文化负载词的注解有6处；王译《没》总共有注解10处，其中属于文化负载词的注解有5处。以下举例分析异化的具体表现以及对比：

例4：Dulcie went up to her room—the third floor back in a West Side brownstone-front.

张译：达尔西走进西区一所正面用褐色石头建造的房子三楼的一间后房，这儿是她的住房。

王译：达尔西上楼到她的房间里去——西区一座褐石房屋的三楼后房。

此处，张译本和王译本最大的不同在于，张译本对“褐色石头建造的房子”加入了注解“19世纪时房子正面用褐色石头建造表示房主人富有”，欧亨利将一个贫困的女售货员的住处设计成代表富有的“褐色石头房子”实际上是一种讽刺，既讽刺了社会贫富差距大，也暗指了女售货员的虚荣心，她的生活和她幻想中的生活存在极大的落差，就如同褐色房子表面的富有和内在的贫困一样。因此此处的注解对读者正确理解原文作者意图是不可或缺的。张译使用异化的处理策略十分恰当。

例5：So, we began to insert our advertisement in newspapers covering the country far and wide. One ad was all we used. We couldn’t have used more without hiring so many clerks and marcelled paraphernalia that the sound of the gum chewing would have disturbed the Postmaster-General.(207)

张译：“我们立即在全国各地报纸登征婚启事，只登了一次，多登非应接不暇，闹得兴师动众，露出马脚不可。”(张经浩，第49页)

王译：我们在全国各地的报纸上刊登了广告。我们只登一次。事实上也不能多登，不然就得雇用许多办事员和女秘书，而她们嚼口香糖的声音可能会惊动邮政总长。(王永年，第162页)

此处，张译连用“应接不暇”“兴师动众”“露出马脚”三个四字短语，优点是其形式简洁明快，且具有模糊性和概况性，适宜用于处理冗长复杂的英文句子。并且易于被汉语读者接受。但是此处欧亨利在原文中设计了“办事员和女秘书嚼口香糖”的情节实际上是一种反讽，讽刺了当时社会行政人员工作态度的怠惰和工作效率的低下,换句话说，此处涉及到特殊的文化内涵。如果略去而是直接用四字短语替代，则不能体现原作者在此处的良苦用心，也没有做到忠实。因此，该处应该采取异化当中直译的方法处理。王译的处理更为恰当。

例6：We no longer groan and heap ashes upon our heads when the flames of Tophet are mentioned.(60)

张译：如今人们谈起地狱的火焰时，不再边哼呀咳呀边往头上倒灰了。(张经浩，第84页)

王译：如今人们提到地狱的火焰时，我们不再唉声叹气，把灰涂在自己头上了。（王永年，第33页）

此处，在翻译”heap ashes upon our heads”的时候，张译和王译都采取异化的方法，加注解释“往头上倒灰”是一种犹太的风俗，悲切忏悔时，身穿麻衣，须发涂灰。这种做法较好地保护了源语文化，同时让读者享受到异域特色。

三. 译语喃喃：归化异化 相得益彰 归异同心

通过作者的亲身翻译实践和对以上译本的对比分析后发现，归化多用于处理语言层面，异化多用于处理涉及文化的层面，虽然各有偏爱但是不完全分开，即归化异化是相得益彰的；归异同心，这里的心就是指读者能喜爱和接受的翻译文本。无论是归化的策略还是异化策略，不能一味采用一种翻译策略，而是应该从实际出发，归异相糅，才能是好的翻译。

㈨ 英文短篇小说《the blue jar》（Isak Dinesen的）中文翻译。

英国一位富有的老先生，年轻时任过内阁大臣，也当选过议会议员；如今年纪大了，无欲无求，独爱搜藏青瓷老古董。为此他偕同女儿海琳娜，不惜远渡重洋到波斯，日本还有中国寻觅爱物。一个寂静之夜，这对父女坐的轮船进入中国海域时意外失火了。漆黑和混乱之中，别的乘客很快转移到救生船中，海琳娜却还在着火的船上，就这样与老父亲断了联系。等她逃上甲板，整艘船已被烧毁得差不多了，眼看就要将她葬身火海。这时一位年轻的英国水手出现了，二话不说背起她，安全登上最后那只被逃生者们慌乱之下遗忘的救生船。黑暗的海面泛起大片磷光，犹如大火从四面八方涌来，追赶吞噬着这两个亡命者。彼时，二人仰起头，一颗流星划过夜空，好像瞬间就要落入他们船里一样。整整九天过去，两人才被救上一条荷兰商船，最后总算回到了英国。

原以为女儿早已葬身火海的老爵士这会是喜极而泣，不能自已。为了让身心受难的女儿尽早康复，老先生匆匆将她安顿在一个温泉疗养胜地。他还想到，万一这个在航海业谋生的年轻水手大嘴巴，全世界都会知道海伦娜和一个陌生男人孤男寡女在海上漂了九天，这肯定会让女儿很不开心。于是老爵士给了水手一大笔钱，并让他承诺只在另一个半球继续航海，永远不再回英国。老先生说，这不正是好人做到底吗？

海伦娜身体恢复得差不多时，旁人给她讲王宫和家族的动态，最后还说了那个救她的年轻水手永远离开英国的来龙去脉，他们发现海伦娜精神上依旧受那次大难折磨着，而且她变得对世间一切事都不在乎了。她不想回到父亲大庄园的城堡，也不想去宫里，或游览任何一个欧洲怡人小镇。她唯一想要做的事就是和父亲以前一样，去搜集珍稀青瓷。于是海琳娜开始航海旅行，从一个国家到另一个国家，这次是父亲一直陪在左右。

寻找青瓷时，海琳娜跟卖瓷器的人说，她正在找一种特别的蓝色，愿意为之付出任何代价。她买过数千只青瓷罐和瓷碗，但过一段时间就搁到一旁，叹道：“唉，这不是我想要的那种蓝呢。” 陪她航行多年的父亲劝道：也许根本就没有这种颜色存在吧。“天啊，爸爸，你怎能说这种丧气话呢？曾几何时我们的世界一切都是蓝蓝的，肯定会有那么一些遗留下来啊。”海琳娜十分坚定地说。

远在英国的两位姑妈都恳求外甥女回家，并要给她介绍好人家。但海琳娜回答说：“不不不，我必须去航行。亲爱的姑姑啊，你们一定都知道，有学之士宣扬大海是有底的，那是谬论胡说。正好相反，大自然中最高贵的海水，肯定是贯通大地的，所以我们的地球实际上像一个肥皂泡般浮在宇宙之中。而在另一个半球有这么一艘船航行着，我的船必须跟它齐驱并驾。在深海之中，两只船像是彼此的倒影。我乘的船正下方就是前面所说的那艘船，它就在地球的另一面行驶着。你们从没见过会有一条很大很大的鱼在船底之下，如一个暗黑的影子在海里随船而行吧。但我们这两艘船恰恰就是这样，不管我坐的船在地球大部分区域穿行到哪，另一个半球那只船就像影子一样，被牵引着来回移动，这和潮水在月亮的引力下涨起退去是差不多的道理。如果我停止航行，那些靠航海谋生的出身不好的水手怎么办？” 海琳娜还说：“我得告诉你们一个秘密，在最后的最后，我坐的船会下沉，直到地球中心，另一只船也会在同一时间沉下来，就如通常人们说的沉没。但我可以向你们保证，在海里没有你上我下，因为在世界的最中心，我们两只船会相遇在一起。

一年又一年过去，老爵士作古了，海伦娜也变成失聪的老太太，却未曾停止航行。大清帝国的颐和园被入侵洗劫后，有位商人给她带来了一个古老的青瓷罐。一看到它海琳娜就发出一声可怕的尖叫：“就是它！”她哭喊着：“我总算找到了！这是真正的蓝！瞧，它真让人晕眩！天啊，它清新得像一阵柔美的微风，又深邃得好如一个玄妙的秘密，还圆润得像我说过的什么来着？”海琳娜双手颤颤巍巍，将瓷罐捧入怀里，静静凝思着，六个小时就这么过去了。其后她对私人医生和女伴说：“现在我可以死去了。到时请把我的心取出来，安放在这个青瓷罐里，那样一切都回到最初的模样。我的世界会化作蓝色，在这个纯蓝天地的最中心，我的心纯洁而自由，还会温柔地跳动，像轮船航海的尾波轻轻哼唱，像桨叶划动的水滴盈盈滑落。”一小会儿后她问到：“相信只要怀着耐心，一切美好都能重现——这不是一件很杏糊的事吗？” 不久之后，老太太离开了人世。

㈩ 英国的短篇小说，有哪些值得推荐

《盲人国》《信号员》这两部是我读过的，个人感觉写的非常不错，而且都很有深意，可以让我们体验出里面的道理和一些感悟，至于其他的一些，我读的很少，不过这两部我真心推荐给你，您可以试着读一下看看！