劳伦斯短篇小说的鉴赏方法

① ticket please中文赏析是什么

《请买票》是D.H.劳伦斯（1885-1930）的小说作品。一个名叫约翰•托马斯的年轻电车线路监票员勾搭上了一个名叫安妮的年轻女售票员，而当他知道安妮在认真对待他的好感时，他又抛弃了她。安妮纠合了一些曾受过约翰•托马斯同样对待的姑娘一起商定给他点厉害瞧瞧。

她们虽然揍了他几下而且还撕破了他的短上衣，但并没有伤得他很厉害。约翰•托马斯走了，姑娘们呢，却对自己的所作所为感到惶惑不解，有点昏昏然，甚至有点惧怕。

这篇小说虽然安置了许多情节，甚至有剧烈的情节，却没有什么结局。约翰•托马斯和安妮可以推知会各走各的路。小说也确是用一句悬而未决的话来结束的。粗心的读者很可能会因小说的这种结尾感到茫然，从而对它不加理会。

《请买票》是劳伦斯的短篇小说：

虽然不像他《查泰莱夫人的情人》那样经典和出名，也是无差别地展现了劳伦斯写作的经典3元素：“煤炭”、“两性“、“游荡”，他父亲是煤矿工人，对母亲有反常的依恋，一生带着病漂泊在外。

第一次读《请买票》觉得应该是描写年轻人遇到渣男，描写的是爱情中的不知所措和那种混沌不知、浑不吝。可看完《D.H.劳伦斯传》了解他的原生家庭、成长背景和亲密关系互动，发现这部短片小说更像是弗洛伊德式的心理分析--就是力比多，也是弗洛伊德“性欲论”的重要内容之一。

② 劳伦斯《请买票》中的第一段为什么要这样安排

这样安排是为后面做铺垫
英国20世纪被受争议的作家德.赫.劳伦斯在探索人类内心世界,强调性欲在人本性中的作用等方面与西格蒙德.弗洛伊德有着异曲同工的承继关系。劳伦斯的作品常常被评论家引用作为精神分析不可多得的素材,但是对其短篇小说《请买票》的心理学研究却是凤毛麟角。
本文沿袭精神分析的视角,从人格结构理论出发,通过分析人物复杂而多变的内心世界,探究劳伦斯在小说中所描绘的本我与超我的激烈碰撞,从而在充分理解小说独创性的基础上,揭示劳伦斯的两性观和伦理观。

③ 劳伦斯小说创作的特点

劳伦斯小说创作的特点：多以心理深度挖掘见长，善于比喻和象征；结构灵活多变，不拘一格；自然主义和象征主义是创作的主要要素。

大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯是20世纪英国作家，是20世纪英语文学中最重要的人物之一，也是最具争议性的作家之一。主要成就包括小说、诗歌、戏剧、散文、游记和书信。

劳伦斯的小说作品中最著名的包括《儿子与情人》（1913）、《虹》（1915）、《恋爱中的女人》（1920）和《查泰莱夫人的情人》（1928）。

这些小说中故事发生的地点都在作家的故乡诺丁汉郡，一个自然条件恶劣的矿区。尽管现实生活中的劳伦斯选择了背井离乡，却一次又一次地在自己的小说中描写这个生养他的地方。

(3)劳伦斯短篇小说的鉴赏方法扩展阅读：

人物争议

由于劳伦斯创作基本仍属于现实主义范畴，书中对情感和性爱的描绘显得非常直白，毫不隐讳。这在他所处的时代中是很罕见的。《虹》就曾因为其中包含的女同性恋情节而一度被禁，而一位出版商则声称：“《儿子与情人》是我读过的最淫秽的一本书”。

《查泰莱夫人的情人》曾经在英国引发了一场重大的淫秽丑闻。由于书中对性爱露骨的描写（或许也因为“情人”是来自于工人阶级），英国法院甚至以“猥亵罪”为名立案审查。然而其出版机构“企鹅图书”最终赢得了这场官司。

④ 劳伦斯的作品 木马赢家 的评论

why not google search "rocking horse winner":)
you may find out numerous comments on it by clicking "search"
"The Rocking-Horse Winner" Lawrence, D. H.

English novelist, poet, and short story writer.

The following entry presents criticism of Lawrence's short story "The Rocking-Horse Winner," first published in 1926 in the anthology The Ghost Book, edited by Lady Cynthia Asquith. For an overview of Lawrence's short fiction, see SSC Volume 4.

INTRODUCTION
The account of a young boy's search for luck and love in an dispassionate world, "The Rocking-Horse Winner" is hailed by some critics as a technically perfect short story. Frequently anthologized and exhaustively analyzed, "The Rocking-Horse Winner" has scholars divided over interpretations—whether it is a social commentary on money and relationships in a capitalist society, a psychoanalytic exploration of sexuality and the Oedipus complex, or a simple fable of a boy searching for identity and love.

Plot and Major Characters

"The Rocking-Horse Winner" traces the actions of its young hero, Paul, who lives with his parents and two sisters in a fairly affluent neighborhood. As stated in the story, the family "lived in style," but a feeling persists in the household that there is never enough money. Soon the house is "haunted by an unspoken phrase: There must be more money!" Paul confronts his mother about the family's lack of wealth, and she responds by telling him that luck is what causes someone to have money and that his father is a very unlucky man. Paul reacts by telling her that he is lucky, and when she rejects this statement, it angers him. Seeking some way to attract luck, Paul begins to ride his wooden rocking-horse at a frenzied pace, his eyes glassed over as he whips at the toy. In this manner, he believes that he can arrive at the place "where there is luck." On repeated occasions, Paul rides the rocking-horse into such a delirium that his sisters are afraid to approach. Later, Uncle Oscar visits the house and discovers that Paul and the gardener, Bassett, have been wagering money on horse racing and that Paul has been able to predict winning horses after his trance-like rides on the rocking-horse. Paul confesses that he started gambling to become lucky and win money for his mother, thereby stopping the house from whispering. Uncle Oscar teams with Bassett and Paul, and they soon make a tidy profit from Paul's predictions.

For his mother's birthday, Paul anonymously gives her five thousand pounds. Instead of the money calming the whispers, however, the house begins to scream in an ecstatic voice: "There must be more money!—more than
"The Rocking-Horse Winner" Lawrence, D. H
ever! More than ever!" Paul's predictions soon become inaccurate, and as the time of the Derby grows near, he becomes increasingly agitated with the fact that he has not had any luck lately. He begins to ride the rocking-horse at a mad and frightening pace. After coming home from a party one night, the mother hears a "strange, heavy, and yet not loud noise" as she stands outside Paul's bedroom. She opens the door and turns on the light to discover Paul thrashing about on the rocking-horse. "It's Malabar!," he screams before crashing to the ground and lapsing into unconsciousness. Paul remains ill with "some brain-fever" for three days. Uncle Oscar and Bassett bet on Malabar in the Derby and make money for themselves and for Paul. At the story's conclusion, Paul briefly regains consciousness and explains to his mother that he is lucky. He dies later that night, and Uncle Oscar proclaims that "he's best gone out of a life where he rides a rocking-horse to find a winner."
Major Themes

In depicting a prosperous household that still hungers for money, "The Rocking-Horse Winner" resembles many of Lawrence's other fictional critiques of materialism and modern society. Paul's mother desires wealth and material possessions to the exclusion of more valuable items such as love and self-knowledge. Her desires are never satisfied, however, and they result in disastrous consequences when love and money are confused. A sexual subtext—another element found in many of Lawrence's works—also seems to be present in the story. Scholars have noted that the descriptions of Paul riding his rocking-horse have an erotic quality, and these scenes have been interpreted as representations of sex and masturbation. Since these quasi-sexual actions are focused on pleasing Paul's mother, and since Paul's father has proven incapable of satisfying his wife, many critics believe that the story draws on the concepts of psychologist Sigmund Freud. Freud maintained that young boys are sexually attracted to their mothers and fantasize about replacing their fathers—a condition he termed the Oedipus complex. Other analysts have placed less emphasis on the sexual aspects of the story and instead view Paul's actions as a tragic attempt to win parental love from his hard-hearted mother.
Critical Reception

Many of Lawrence's works are controversial, and "The Rocking-Horse Winner" is no exception. The story has generated a large amount of scholarly debate and has been compared to a wide range of other works, including classic myths, parables, and the writings of Charles Dickens, among many others. In his 1958 essay on "The Rocking-Horse Winner," W. D. Snodgrass presented an interpretation that has become the jumping-off point for many of the later analyses of the story. Snodgrass's essay considers the socio-economic, religious, and, especially, the sexual aspects of the story, focusing on Lawrence's use of symbols. Other critics have further highlighted the Freudian aspects of the work and have interpreted it in regard to economic theories and spiritual allusions. "The Rocking-Horse Winner" has been criticized for its didactic qualities, but other critics have noted its restraint in presenting Lawrence's opinions, at least in comparison with many of the author's other writings. Though the story continues to stimulate debate, analysts are largely agreed that the plot, description, dialogue, and symbolism of the story are presented with great skill. "The Rocking-Horse Winner' approaches technical perfection," according to Caroline Gordon and Allen Tate. "An artistic intelligence functions in it, consciously or unconsciously, giving the story a powerful dramatic impact."
译文
“摇马者”劳伦斯，D。
英国小说家、诗人、短篇小说作家。
以下是劳伦斯的短篇小说《木马赢家的批评，“在选鬼书1926首次出版，由夫人辛西娅阿斯奎斯编辑。对劳伦斯短篇小说的概述，参见SSC 4卷。
景区简介
一个年轻的男孩寻找运气，在冷静的世界爱的帐户，《木马赢家”被一些评论家誉为技术上完美的短篇小说。经常选集和详尽分析，《木马赢家”有学者在解释无论是在资本主义社会，金钱和关系的社会评论分，精神分析的探索性和俄狄浦斯情结，或一个小男孩寻找身份和爱的寓言。
情节和主要人物
“摇摆马”的英雄，保罗，谁与他的父母和姐妹在一个相当富裕的社区的行动的痕迹。正如故事中所述，家庭“生活在风格”，但一种感觉仍然存在于家庭中，没有足够的钱。很快，房子就被一个不可说出的话萦绕在心头：那一定是有更多的钱！保罗面对母亲的家庭缺少财富，她告诉他，运气是什么原因导致某人有钱，他的父亲是一个非常不幸的人。保罗的反应是告诉她，他是幸运的，当她拒绝了这一说法，这激怒了他。寻找一些方法来吸引好运气，保罗开始骑摇木马以疯狂的速度，他的眼睛上面他鞭子在玩具。在这种方式下，他相信他能到达“那里是幸运的地方”，在反复的场合，保罗骑着摇马到这样的一个精神错乱，他的姐妹们害怕接近。后来，奥斯卡叔叔参观房子，发现保罗和园丁，巴塞特，已投注的钱在赛马和保罗已经能够预测获胜的马他恍惚的摇马骑后。保罗承认，他开始赌博成为幸运赢得他母亲的钱，使房子从窃窃私语。巴塞特叔叔和奥斯卡和保罗的团队，他们很快就从保罗的预测中赚取了可观的利润。
母亲的生日，保罗以匿名的方式给了她五千英镑。这些钱没有平静的低语，然而，房子开始在狂喜的声音尖叫：“必须有更多的钱！•超过
“摇马者”劳伦斯，D
曾经！比以往任何时候都多！”保罗的预测很快就变得不准确了，随着比赛的临近，他变得越来越不安，这一事实最近他没有运气了。他开始骑着一匹疯狂而可怕的速度骑着木马。一天晚上回家后，母亲听到她站在保罗的卧室外，听到了一声“奇怪、沉重、但又不吵的声音”。她打开门，打开灯发现保罗倒行逆施的木马。”是马拉巴尔！之前，”他尖叫声轰然倒地，陷入昏迷。保罗病了三天，“有些脑热”。奥斯卡叔叔和巴塞特赌马拉巴尔德比赚钱为自己和保罗。在故事的最后，保罗暂时恢复了意识并解释了他的母亲，他是幸运的。他死的那天晚上，和叔叔奥斯卡宣称，“他最好离开生活在那里，他骑木马寻找赢家。”
主要主题
在描绘一个富裕的家庭，仍然渴望金钱，《木马赢家”像劳伦斯的许多其他小说批判唯物主义和现代社会。保罗的母亲欲望的物质财富，为更多的有价值的物品如爱和自我排斥。然而，她的欲望是永远不会满足的，当爱情和金钱被迷惑时，他们会带来灾难性的后果。一个“性”的另一个元素在许多劳伦斯的作品似乎也在故事中出现。有学者注意到，保罗骑着他的木马的描述有一个色情的质量，这些场景被解释为表示性和手淫。由于这些准性行为都集中在取悦保罗的母亲，而保罗的父亲已经证明无法满足他的妻子，许多评论家认为，故事吸引心理学家佛洛伊德西格蒙德的概念。佛洛伊德认为，年轻的男孩们吸引和性幻想取代fathers-a条件他称俄狄浦斯情结。其他分析人士则更不重视故事的性方面，而把保罗的行为视为一种悲剧性的尝试，试图从他母亲的努力中获得父母的爱。