现实主义短篇小说英文

① 小说用英语怎么说

1、Novel，英[ˈnɒvl]， 美[ˈnɑ:vl]。长篇小说，新法，附律。新奇的，异常的。

2、Novel近义词fiction和story。

3、Sheldon writes every day of the week, dictating his novels in the morning.谢尔登一周七天都要写作，每天上午口述小说让别人记录。

4、Both her novels won prizes.她的两部小说都获了奖。

5、Novel是长篇小说，story是短篇小说，fiction是小说的总称。

(1)现实主义短篇小说英文扩展阅读

1、Dickens 'novels have enriched English literature.狄更斯的小说丰富了英国文学。

2、She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.她是一位多产的作家，写了很多小说和短篇故事。

3、His works are included in this anthology of stories.这本小说集收录了他的作品。

4、The novel portrays the growth of a fighter.这本小说描写了一个战士的成长。

5、Sara and I read the story and marveled.我和萨拉读了这部小说后惊叹不已。

6、This novel has been made into a film.这部小说已拍成电影了。

② 谁能推荐几本经典的英美小说！！！

1 哈克贝利·弗恩历险记——马克·吐温

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

哈克贝利是一个聪明、善良、勇敢的白人少年。他为了追求自由的生活，逃亡到密西西比河上。在逃亡途中，他遇到了黑奴吉姆。吉姆是一个勤劳朴实、热情诚实、忠心耿耿的黑奴，他为了逃脱被主人再次卖掉的命运，从主人家中出逃。他们一起漂流在密西西比河上，过着自由自在的生活，两人成了好朋友。哈克贝利为了吉姆的自由，历尽千辛万苦，最后得知，吉姆的主人已在遗嘱里解放了他。小说中，哈克贝利和吉姆的性格鲜明突出，形象栩栩如生。全篇的现实主义描绘和浪漫主义抒情交相辉映，尖锐深刻的揭露、幽默辛辣的讽刺以及浪漫传奇的描写浑然一体，形成了马克·吐温独特的艺术风格。

2 纯真年代——华顿

The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton

伊迪丝·沃顿1921年获得普立策文学奖的小说，她也是普立策奖历史上首度获奖的女性作家。

小说的主要情节发生在19世纪70年代末80年代初的纽约上流社会。那是伊迪丝度过童年与青春的地方,她在那儿长大成人,进入社交界,订婚又解除婚约,最后嫁给波士顿的爱德华华顿,并度过了婚后的最初几年。时隔40年后,作为小说家的她回顾养育过她也束缚过她的那个社会,她的感情是复杂的,既有亲切的眷恋,又有清醒的针砭。作家把那个时代的纽约上流社会比作一个小小的金字塔,它又尖又滑,很难在上面取得立足之地。处在塔顶,真正有贵族血统的只有二三户人家:华盛顿广场的达戈内特祖上是正宗的郡中世家;范德卢顿先生是第一任荷兰总督的嫡孙,他家曾与法国和英国的几家贵族联姻;还有与德格拉斯伯爵联姻的拉宁一家。他们是上流社会的最高阶层,但显然已处于日薄西山的衰败阶段。上流社会的中坚力量是以明戈特家族、纽兰家族、奇弗斯家族为代表的名门望族,他们的祖辈都是来自英国或荷兰的富商,早年在殖民地发迹,成为有身份有地位的人物。比如纽兰·阿切尔的一位曾外祖父曾参与过独立宣言的签署,还有一位曾在华盛顿部下任将军。正如阿切尔太太所说的,“纽约从来就是个商业社会”,占支配地位的是这些殷实的富商。处于金字塔底部的是富有却不显贵的人们,他们多数是内战之后崛起的新富,凭借雄厚的财力,通过联姻而跻身上流社会。作者从亲身经历与熟悉的环境中提炼素材,塑造人物,将作品题材根置于深厚的现实土壤中。尤其通过博福特命运浮沉这一线索与主人公爱情悲剧的主线相互映衬,使一个看似寻常的爱情故事具备了深刻的社会现实意义。

3 白鲸——梅尔维尔

Moby-Dick by Herman Melville

《白鲸》是美国十九世纪浪漫主义小说家梅尔维尔的代表作。在美国文学史和世界文学史上,《白鲸》都是一部经典的著作,一部伟大的小说,是研究美国文学的一部必读书。《白鲸》展示给我们的是船长亚哈为追杀白鲸带领佩阔德号及其般员为复仇而走向毁灭的过程。书中以象征主义及寓言体的写作方式向我们展示了一部十九世纪美国的真实画面。从人与自然的抗争中亚哈的悲剧，人与人的关系中所体现的悲剧两个角度可以揭示《白鲸》所表现的时代特征及所蕴涵的悲剧实质。

4 红字——纳撒尼尔·霍桑

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne

19世纪美国浪漫主义作家霍桑的长篇小说。创作于1851年。小说以两百多年前的殖民地时代的美洲为题材，但揭露的却是19世纪资本主义发展时代美利坚合众国社会典法的残酷、宗教的欺骗和道德的虚伪。主人公海丝特被写成了崇高道德的化身。她不但感化了表里不一的丁梅斯代尔，同时也在感化着充满罪恶的社会。至于她的丈夫奇林渥斯，小说则把他写成了一个一心只想窥秘复仇的影子式的人物。他在小说中只起情节铺垫的作用。

小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。因此，它不仅是浪漫主义小说的代表作，同时也被称作是美国心理分析小说的开创篇。

5 最后的莫希干人——库柏

The Last of the Mohicans by James Fenimore Cooper

《最后的莫希干人》是《皮裹腿故事集》中最出色的一部。故事发生在十八世纪五十年代末期，英法两国为争夺北美殖民地而进行的“七年战争”的第三年，地点是在赫德森河的源头和乔治湖一带。对于印第安人的被杀戮和印第安部落的消亡，作者的心情是十分沉重的，他深深怀着同情和愤慨。他写道：“莫希干人的领土，是被欧洲人侵占去的美洲大陆的第一块地盘，因而，莫希干人就第一个成了离乡背井的人。面临着文明的推进，也可以说，文明的入侵，所有印第安部落的人民，就像他们故土林木上的绿叶在刺骨的严寒侵凌下纷纷坠地一样，日益消亡，看来这已成为落到他们头上的不可避免的命运。有足够的历史事实可以证明，这幅惨像并非虚妄之作。”

作者把本书取名为《最后的莫希干人》，就有着令人心酸的悲哀音调。正直、勇敢的莫希干人恩卡斯和美丽善良的科拉之死，也不无更深的寓意：随着他们的死去，他们心灵上的那种美德和纯洁的感情也消亡了，留下的只是笼罩在美洲大地上的那些贪婪、残暴的恶意和邪念。

6 小妇人——路易莎·奥尔科特

Little Women by Louisa May Alcott

这部小说以家庭生活为描写对象，以家庭成员的感情纠葛为线索，描写了马奇一家的天伦之爱。马奇家的四姐妹中，无论是为了爱情甘于贫困的梅格，还是通过自己奋斗成为作家的乔，以及坦然面对死亡的贝思和以扶弱为己任的艾米，虽然她们的理想和命运都不尽相同，但是她们都具有自强自立的共同特点。描写了她们对家庭的眷恋；对爱的忠诚以及对亲情的渴望。马奇一家有四个姐妹，生活清贫、简单而又温馨。四组妹性格迥异；老大梅格漂亮端庄，有些爱慕虚荣；老二乔自由独立，渴望成为作家，老三贝丝善良羞涩，热爱音乐，老四埃米聪慧活泼，爱好艺术，希望成为一名上流社会的“淑女”。

所有时代的所有少女成长过程中所要面对的经历的，都可以在这本书中找到：初恋的甜蜜和烦恼，感情与理智的译，理想和现实的差距，贫穷与富有的矛盾。

7 野性的呼唤——杰克·伦敦

The Call of the Wild by Jack London

《野性的呼唤》是杰克·伦敦最负盛名的小说。故事主要叙述一只强壮勇猛的狼狗巴克从人类文明社会回到狼群原始生活的过程。巴克是一头体重140磅的十分强壮的狗。他本来在一个大法官家里过着优裕的生活，后来被法官的园丁偷走，辗转卖给邮局，又被送到阿拉斯加严寒地区去拉运送邮件的雪橇。巴克最初被卖给两个法裔加拿大人。这些被买来的狗不仅受到了冷酷的人类的虐待，而且在狗之间为了争夺狗群的领导权，也无时不在互相争斗、残杀。由于体力超群、机智勇敢，巴克最终打败斯比茨成为狗群的领队狗。他先后换过几个主人，最后被约翰·索顿收留。那是在巴克被残暴的主人哈尔打得遍体鳞伤、奄奄一息时，索顿救了他，并悉心为他疗伤。在索顿的精心护理下巴克恢复得很快，由此他们之间产生了真挚的感情。巴克对索顿非常忠诚，他两次不顾生命危险救了索顿的命，并在索顿和别人打赌时，拼命把一个载有一千磅盐的雪橇拉动，为索顿赢了一大笔钱。不幸的是，在淘金的过程中，索顿被印第安人杀死。狂怒之下，巴克咬死了几个印第安人，为主人报了仇。这时恩主已死，他觉得对这个人类社会已无所留恋。况且，一段时期以来，荒野中总回荡着一个神秘的呼唤声。这个声音吸引着他。最终，他回应着这个声音，进入森林，从此与狼为伍，过着原始动物的生活。但他不忘旧谊，仍然定期到主人的葬身之处去凭吊。

8 汤姆叔叔的小屋——哈里特·比彻·斯托

Uncle Tom's Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

出生于康涅狄格州的斯托夫人，是哈特福德女子学院（Hartford Female Academy）的一名教师，同时，她也是一位积极的废奴主义者。全书围绕着一位久经苦难的黑奴汤姆叔叔的故事展开，并描述了他与他身边人——均为奴隶与奴隶主——的经历。这部感伤小说深刻地描绘出了奴隶制度残酷的本质；并认为基督徒的爱可以战胜由奴役人类同胞所带来的种种伤害。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》这部小说是19世纪最畅销的小说（以及第二畅销的书，仅次于最畅销的书《圣经》）并被认为是刺激1850代废奴主义兴起的一大原因。在它发表的头一年里，在美国本土便销售出了三十万册。《汤姆叔叔的小屋》对美国社会的影响是如此巨大，以致在南北战争爆发的初期，当林肯接见斯托夫人时，曾说到：“你就是那位引发了一场大战的小妇人。”后来，这句话为众多作家竞相引用。

《汤姆叔叔的小屋》以及受其启发而写作出的各种剧本，还促进了大量黑人刻板印象的产生，不少的这些形象在当今都为人们所熟知。譬如慈爱善良的黑人保姆、黑小孩的原型、以及顺从、坚忍并忠心于白人主人的汤姆叔叔。最近几十年来，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的这些消极成分，已在一定程度上弱化了这本书作为“重要的反奴隶制工具”的历史作用。

③ 著名的英文小说都有哪些

著名的英语小说
《Ahauntedhouse》——英国著名意识流小说女作家伍尔夫的作品。
《Billybudd》——hermanmelville的作品。
《Goodwives》——十九世纪美国出色的女作家alcott的作品。
《Kim》——诺贝尔奖金获得者、英国作家吉卜林的作品。
《Moonfleet》——j.meade-falkner的作品。
《Northangerabbey》——十九世纪英国著名女作家奥斯汀的作品。
《Persuasion》——十九世纪英国著名女作家奥斯汀的小说。
《Princeotto》——英国作家史蒂文森的作品。
《Rocking-horsewinner》——英国作家劳伦斯的作品。
《Stalkyandcompany》——诺贝尔奖金获得者、英国作家吉卜林的作品。
《Theassignation》——美国神秘小说家爱伦坡的作品。
《Thecaskofamontillado》——美国神秘小说家爱伦坡的作品。
《Thechimes》——英国作家狄更斯的作品。
《Thecricketonthehearth》——英国作家狄更斯的作品。
《Thedynamiter》——英国作家史蒂文森的作品。
《Themillonthefloss》——英国作家乔治.艾略特的作品。
《Thephantomoftheopera》——gastonleroux的作品。
《Thepitandthepenlum》——美国神秘小说家爱伦坡的作品。
《Theransomofredchief》——美国作家欧亨利的小说。
《Thetell-taleheart》——美国神秘小说家爱伦坡的作品。
《Thetenantofwildfellhall》——安.勃朗特的小说。她是勃朗特三姐妹中最小的一位.
《艾玛》——十九世纪英国著名女作家奥斯汀的作品。
《傲慢与偏见》——十九世纪著名英国女作家奥斯汀的代表作。
《奥赛罗》——英国戏剧大师莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。描写武将奥赛罗中了部下伊阿古的奸计，因嫉妒发狂而杀死妻子，自己也自杀身亡。
《巴斯克威尔的猎犬》——英国侦探小说大师柯南道尔的福尔摩斯探案集中著名的一篇小说。
《变形记》——卡夫卡的名作。
《波洛圣诞探案记》——阿加莎.克里斯蒂著。
《丛林丛书》——英国作家吉卜林的名著。
《道林.格雷的肖像》——这是英国作家王尔德唯一的长篇小说。
《第三十九级台阶》——著名一战间谍片。
《都柏林人》——英国意识流小说大师乔伊斯的名著。
《儿子和情人》——以心理分析见长的英国作家劳伦斯的著名小说。
《福尔摩斯探案之海军协定》——英国作家柯南道尔著。
《浮士德》——德国作家歌德的名作。
《哈克贝利芬恩历险记》——美国著名作家马克吐温的名著。
《哈姆雷特》——英国戏剧大师莎士比亚的四大经典悲剧之一。这部描述丹麦王子复仇的作品使伊莉莎白王朝的戏剧达到了最高峰。
《海底两万里》——法国科学幻想小说大师儒勒凡尔纳的名著。
《黑郁金香》——法国作家大仲马的名著，曾被拍成电影。
《呼啸山庄》——英国女作家艾密莉勃朗特的名著。
《呼啸山庄》——英国女作家艾米莉.勃朗特的代表作。小说描述了一个因贫富悬殊造成的爱情悲剧。
《化身博士》——英国小说家史蒂文森的名著。
《环绕地球八十天》——法国科学幻想小说大师儒勒.凡尔纳的著名小说。
《基督山伯爵》——法国作家大仲马的名著。
《吉姆爷》——josephconrad的名著。
《金银岛》——英国小说家史蒂文森的名著。
《卡斯特桥市长》——英国作家哈代的名著。
《坎特伯雷故事》——英国作家乔叟的名著。
《李尔王》——英国戏剧大师莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。描写的是不列颠老王李尔的悲剧。
《恋爱中的女人》——英国作家劳伦斯的作品。
《鲁宾逊飘流记》——英国作家笛福的名作。
《罗蜜欧与朱丽叶》——英国戏剧大师莎士比亚的经典悲剧之一。曾被多次拍成电影。
《麦克白》——英国戏剧大师莎士比亚的四大悲剧之一。描写苏格兰勇将麦克白的悲剧。
《麦琪的礼物》——美国著名短篇小说家欧亨利的著名作品。
《梦的解析》——弗洛伊德的名著。
《命案目睹记》——阿加莎.克里斯蒂著。
《匹克威克外传》——英国现实主义作家狄更斯的作品。
《三剑客》——法国作家大仲马的名著。
《圣诞颂歌》——英国作家狄更斯的作品。
《双城记》——英国现实主义小说大家狄更斯的名著
《苔斯》——英国作家哈代的名著。改编自小说的电影曾轰动一时。
《汤姆索耶历险记》——美国著名作家马克吐温的名著。
《汤姆索耶历险记》——美国幽默小说大师马克吐温的代表作。
《铁面人》——法国作家大仲马的著名小说，曾被拍成电影。
《无名的裘德》——英国作家托马斯.哈代的名作。
《野性的呼唤》——美国作家杰克伦敦的名作。
《一个青年艺术家的肖像》——英国意识流小说大师乔伊斯的著名小说。
《远大历程》——英国著名现实主义作家狄更斯的名作。
《月亮石》——英国小说家柯林斯的作品。
《最后一个莫希干人》——讲述北美洲印第安土族居民的神奇故事。小说曾被拍成电影。

④ 有哪些好看的短篇英文小说

世界三大短篇小说之王

莫泊桑、契诃夫和欧~亨利

莫泊桑（Maupassant1850～1893）19世纪后半期法国优秀的批判现实主义作家。年仅43年生命历程竟创作了6部长篇小说和356多篇中短篇小说，莫泊桑短篇小说布局结构精巧合理。典型细节选用真实可信、叙事抒情的手法如行云流水，充分体现了这种的文学传统。莫泊桑的最出色的短篇代表作是《羊脂球》。《项链》、《我的叔叔于勒》；其作品在我国影响很大，近几年来，一直被作为中学生必课的文学作品.

欧~亨利（1862～1910）善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局常常出人意外；欧~亨利一生创作了270多个短篇小说和一部长篇小说，还有数量很少的诗歌他颇善情节设计，处处留下玄机，结局常常以出人意料出外而收场。读后使人不禁使人豁然开朗，拍案叫绝,被称为"欧~亨利式结尾".又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默网络全书”.黑色幽默,“含泪水的微笑”。代表作有《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《带家具出租的房间》、《麦琪的礼物》、《最后一片叶子》等.

契诃夫（1860-1904）他常以十九世界俄国社会中所常见的凡人小事为素材，用语言简练、讽刺尖刻笔触描写小人物和知识分子两类人的命运。代表作有《小职员之死》《变色龙》。《套中人》等。契河夫是19世纪末俄国伟大的剧作家和短篇小说家，俄国现实主义文学流派的杰出代表

其他的有:

茨威格短篇小说集
马克.吐温短篇小说集

窃贼(阿·康帕尼尔)
情书(岩井俊二)
永远占有(格雷厄姆·格林)
化石街(岛田庄司)
棋逢对手(西瑞尔·哈尔)
首领(卡拉维洛夫)
热爱生命(杰克·伦敦)
蚂蚁 (博里斯·维昂)
蠢猪 (马莱巴)
品酒 (罗·达尔)
打不碎的鸡蛋 (马莱巴)
劳驾，快点！(图戈依)
品酒 (罗·达尔)

⑤ 美国浪漫主义文学和现实主义文学的区别英文资料

The romantic literature in the United States is influenced by the romantic literature in Western Europe. 19 centuries half leaf, the rapid development of American capitalism, national consciousness and patriotic enthusiasm, get rid of bondage of English literature pay attention to the spirit of creation and the pursuit of freedom of the transcendental doctrine presented a splendid sight, so far the American romantic literature began to flourish. Therefore, its works from the content to the form have a distinct national characteristics. Romanticism emphasizes the spiritual function and the significance of intuition. It is believed that nature is full of spirit and man should return to nature. It advocates that art should make the reader get the stimulation and achieve the sublimation of the soul.
American Realism pays great attention the fact or reality; from idealism, hypotheses or sentimental doctrine of objective process; objectively and not by feelings to deal with thought and action, against all unrealistic or Utopian character. The reality of the early cheap optimism, began to show social contradictions. Under the influence of realistic and naturalistic literature in Europe, American Realism reflects the negative side of society from many aspects.
American realism with distinctive artistic features, lifelike, reflecting the broad picture of society, the introction of impressionism has even opened a way of American short stories, mature on American literature made great contribution.
【这是这段文字的翻译----
美国的浪漫主义文学深受西欧浪漫主义文学的影响。19世纪上半叶，美国资本主义迅速发展，民族意识和爱国热情高涨，摆脱英国文学的束缚、重视人的精神创造和追求自由的超验主义蔚为大观，至此美国浪漫主义文学开始蓬勃发展。因此其作品从内容到形式都具有鲜明的民族特色。浪漫主义强调人的精神作用和直觉的意义，认为自然界充满灵性，人应该回归自然，主张艺术要使读者获得刺激而达到灵魂的升华。

美国现实主义注重事实或现实；不受理想主义、臆测或感伤主义影响的客观过程；客观地而不凭感情地去处理思想和行动，反对一切不切实际或空想的性格。现实主义抛弃早期廉价的乐观主义，开始表现社会矛盾。在欧洲现实主义与自然主义文学的影响下，美国的现实主义从许多方面反映社会消极的一面。

美国现实主义各具艺术特色，逼真，反映广阔的社会图景，引进印象主义手法，甚至开辟了美国式短篇小说的途径，对美国文学的成熟作出了伟大的贡献。】
【= =，望采纳，来自英语帝】。

⑥ 英语翻译马克 吐温的简介

American writer.The autonym fills Miu Er ·the boon of Lang He ·gram Lai door Si.Mark ·vomit is its pen name.It was born at side little city Hannibal of Mississippi's a lawyer's family with poor country, went out to do obeisance teacher apprentice since the childhood.When lead a typesetter, Mississippi sailor, south non-commissioned officer soldier, also once concted the timber instry, mineral instry and the publish instry, but valid of the work be a reporter and write humor literature. Mark ·vomit is the United States to criticize realism literature of lay foundation stone a person, the short story master of Zhao in the world.He experienced the United States from the "freedom" property origin a doctrine to imperialistic of development process, its thought and creations also expresses for adjust to smile mordacity's irony to arrive a pessimism cynical development stage again from the agility.His earlier period create, like short story 《unexpectedly choose eparch (1870)》, 《elder brother Er Si the airtight friend once more goes abroad (1870)》etc., with humor, humorous American"the democracy elect" of the style of writing derision of absurd with the essence of"democracy heaven".Middle work, like novel 《plate with gold ages 》
Mark ·vomit to be praise for"Lincoln in the American literature".His main work has already mostly had Chinese to translate an origin.

⑦ 谁能提供现实主义文学（以欧亨利为代表）的英文介绍（特点，风格，代表人物，作品什么的）

O. Henry was the pen name of American writer William Sydney Porter (September 11, 1862–June 5, 1910), whose clever use of twist endings in his stories popularized the term "O. Henry Ending". His middle name at birth was Sidney, not Sydney; he later changed the spelling of his middle name when he first began writing as a journalist in the 1880s.

Early life
William Sidney Porter was born in 1862 on a plantation "Worth Place" in Greensboro, North Carolina. When William was three, his mother died from tuberculosis, and he and his father moved to the home of his paternal grandmother.

William was an avid reader, and graated from his aunt's elementary school in 1876, then enrolled at the Linsey Street High School. In 1879 he started working as a bookkeeper in his uncle's drugstore and in 1881 – at the age of nineteen – he was licensed as a pharmacist.

The Move to Texas
He relocated to Texas in 1882, initially working on a ranch in La Salle County as a sheep herder and ranch hand, then Austin where he took a number of different jobs over the next several years, including pharmacist, draftsman, journalist, and clerk. While in Texas he also learned Spanish.

In 1887 he eloped with Athol Estes, then eighteen years old and from a wealthy family. Her family objected to the match because both she and Porter suffered from tuberculosis. Athol gave birth to a son in 1888, who died shortly after birth, and then a daughter, Margaret, in 1889.

In 1894 Porter started a humorous weekly called The Rolling Stone. Also in 1894, Porter resigned from the First National Bank of Austin where he had worked as a teller, after he was accused of embezzling funds. In 1895, after The Rolling Stone ceased publication, he moved to Houston, where he started writing for the Houston Post. Shortly thereafter, he was arrested for embezzlement in connection with his previous employment in Austin.

Flight and Return
Porter was granted bond, but the day before he was e to stand trial on July 7, 1896, he absconded to New Orleans and later to Honras. However, in 1897, when he learned that his wife was dying, he returned to the United States and surrendered to the court, pending an appeal.

Athol Estes Porter died July 25, 1897. Porter was found guilty of embezzlement, sentenced to five years jail, and imprisoned April 25, 1898 at the Ohio State Penitentiary. He was released on July 24, 1901 for good behaviour after serving three years.

Origin of Pen Name
Porter published at least twelve stories while in prison to help support his daughter. Not wanting his readers to know he was in jail, he started using the pen name "O. Henry". It is believed that Porter got this name from one of the guards who was named Orrin Henry. However, there is much debate on this issue: one Porter biographer asserts that the name was derived from a girlfriend's cat, which answered to "Oh, Henry!" Guy Davenport, meanwhile, wrote that the name was a condensation of "Ohio Penitentiary". It also could be an abbreviation of the name of French pharmacist, Etienne-Ossian Henry, who is referred to in the U.S. Dispensatory, a reference work Porter used when he was in the prison pharmacy. Further confusing the issue is that for at least one short story, and for a later autobiographical author profile, Porter signed the "full" name Olivier Henry.

Porter also used a number of other noms de plume, most notably "Alex, Longford", and continued using a variety of pen names full-time when he took a writing contract for Ainslee's Magazine in New York City shortly after his release from prison. Eventually, "O. Henry" became the name that was most recognized by magazine editors and the reading public, and therefore led to the greatest fees for story sales. Accordingly, after about 1903 Porter used the "O. Henry" byline exclusively.

In fact, after his prison term Porter almost never identified himself in print by his real name, even in private correspondence to close friends. To editors, he was simply O. Henry (or occasionally Olivier Henry). When writing to friends, however, he would routinely sign his letters with one of a wide range of deliberately nonsensical pseudonyms, such as "Horatio Swampwater".

A Brief Stay At The Top
Porter married again in 1907 to his childhood sweetheart, Sarah Lindsey Coleman. However, despite the success of his short stories being published in magazines and collections (or perhaps because of the attendant pressure success brought), Porter became an alcoholic. Sarah left him in 1909, and he died in 1910 of cirrhosis of the liver. After funeral services in New York City, he was buried in Asheville, North Carolina. His daughter, Margaret Worth Porter, died in 1927 and was buried with her father.

Attempts were made to secure a presidential pardon for Porter ring the administrations of Woodrow Wilson, Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan. However, each attempt was met with the assertion that the Justice Department did not recommend pardons after death. This policy was clearly altered ring the administration of Bill Clinton (who pardoned Henry Flipper), so the question of a pardon for O. Henry may yet again see the light of day.

Stories
O. Henry stories are famous for their surprise endings. He was called the American Guy De Maupassant. Both authors wrote twist endings, but O. Henry stories were much more playful and optimistic.

Most of O.Henry's stories are set in his own time, the early years of the 20th century. Many take place in New York City, and deal for the most part with ordinary people: clerks, policemen, waitresses. His stories are also well known for witty narration.

The Four Million (a collection of stories) opens with a reference to Ward McAllister's "assertion that there were only 'Four Hundred' people in New York City who were really worth noticing. But a wiser man has arisen—the census taker—and his larger estimate of human interest has been preferred in marking out the field of these little stories of the 'Four Million'". To O. Henry, everyone in New York counted. He had an obvious affection for the city, which he called Baghdad on the Subway, and many of his stories are set there—but others are set in small towns and in other cities.

His famous story A Municipal Report opens by quoting Frank Norris: "Fancy a novel about Chicago or Buffalo, let us say, or Nashville, Tennessee! There are just three big cities in the United States that are 'story cities' — New York, of course, New Orleans, and, best of the lot, San Francisco." Thumbing his nose at Norris, O. Henry sets the story in Nashville.

Fundamentally a proct of his time, O. Henry's work provides one of the best English examples of catching the entire flavor of an age. Whether roaming the cattle-lands of Texas, exploring the art of the "gentle grifter", or investigating the tensions of class and wealth in turn of the century New York, O. Henry had an inimitable hand for isolating some element of society and describing it with an incredible economy and grace of language. Some of his best and least-known work resides in the collection "Cabbages and Kings", a series of stories which each explore some indivial aspect of life in a paralytically sleepy South American town while each advancing some aspect of the larger plot and relating back one to another in a complex structure which slowly explicates its own background even as it painstakingly erects a town which is one of the most detailed literary creations of the period.

Spoiler warning: Plot and/or ending details follow. O. Henry is so famous for his unexpected plot twists that this warning is especially important.
A famous story of his, "The Gift of the Magi", concerns a young couple who are short of money but desperately want to buy each other Christmas gifts. Unbeknownst to Jim, Della sells her most valuable possession, her beautiful hair, in order to buy a platinum fob chain for Jim's watch; unbeknownst to Della, Jim sells his most valuable possession, his watch, to buy jeweled combs for Della's hair. The essential premise of this story has been copied, re-worked, parodied, and otherwise re-told countless times in the century since it was written.
The Ransom of Red Chief concerns two men who kidnap a boy of ten. The boy turns out to be so bratty and obnoxious that the desperate men ultimately pay the boy's father two hundred and fifty dollars to take him back.
The Cop and the Anthem concerns a New York City hobo named Soapy, who sets out to get arrested so he can spend the cold winter as a guest of the city jail. Despite efforts at petty theft, vandalism, disorderly conct, and "mashing", Soapy fails to draw the attention of the police. Disconsolate, he pauses in front of a church, where an organ anthem inspires him to clean up his life - whereupon he is promptly arrested for loitering.
In A Retrieved Reformation, safecracker Jimmy Valntine gets a job in a small town bank to case it for a robbery. Unexpectedly, he falls in love with the banker's daughter, and decides to go straight. Just as he's about to leave to deliver his specialized tools to an old associate, a lawman who recognizes him arrives at the bank, and a child locks herself in the airtight vault. Knowing it will seal his fate, Valentine cracks open the safe to rescue the child - and the lawman lets him go.

[edit] Cultural relations
O. Henry once said: "There are stories in everything. I've got some of my best yarns from park benches, lampposts, and newspaper stands." [citation needed]
The O. Henry Awards are yearly prizes given to outstanding short stories.
The O. Henry Pun-Off World Championships are held in May of each year in Austin, Texas, hosted by the city's O. Henry Museum.
O. Henry is a household name in Russia, as his books enjoyed excellent translations and some of his stories were made into popular movies, the best known being, probably, "The Ransom of Red Chief". The phrase "Bolivar cannot carry double" from "The Roads We Take" has become a Russian proverbs, whose origin many Russians do not even recognize.
O. Henry's first wife, Athol, was probably the model for Della[1].
In 1952 a film featuring five O. Henry stories was made. The primary one from the critic's acclaim was "The Cop and the Anthem" starring Charles Laughton and Marilyn Monroe. The other stories are "The Clarion Call," "The Last Leaf," "The Ransom of Red Chief," and "The Gift of the Magi."
There is an O. Henry Middle School in Austin.

1862年9月11日，距华盛顿州不远的北卡罗来纳州有一个名叫格林斯波罗的小镇。小镇里一位不得志的医生和他美丽纤弱的妻子生了一个大眼睛、不大强壮的孩子。谁也不曾想到，在19世纪末20世纪初，这个孩子以欧·亨利的笔名平步文坛，成为一个深受美国和世界读者喜欢的伟大小说家，并且在百年之后仍然保持着长久的影响和魅力。
欧·亨利的人生之路崎岖、艰苦而又不幸，他三岁丧母，15岁就走向社会，从事过牧童、药剂师、�事、办事员、制图员、出纳员等多种职业。1889年，他和罗琦不顾她父母的反对私奔成婚，并在年轻妻子鼓励下走上创作道路，创办《滚石》杂志，发表幽默小品。后来，他因挪用银行资金被判五年徒刑。出狱后，他迁居纽约专门从事写作，每周为世界报提供一个短篇，但因第二次婚姻的不幸，加之饮酒过度，终于1910年6月5日在纽约病逝。
19世纪80年代至20世纪初的美国，随着资本主义逐渐向垄断发展，各种社会矛盾日益显露突出。欧·亨利长期生活在下层，形形色色的社会现象使他对这些矛盾心感身受。曲折的人生、丰富的经历、独特的视角和敏锐的观察，使他情不自禁地把社会的各种现象形象地概括在自己的作品中，如下层劳动群众生活的贫穷艰辛，道貌岸然的上流骗子，巧取豪夺的金融寡头，肆无忌惮的买卖官爵，小偷、强盗、流浪汉的生活，以及失业、犯罪等等。对贫民他充满了同情，对资产阶级剥削者从不同角度予以批判与揭露，道出了下层劳动群众对剥削、压迫的愤怒反抗与心声。
欧·亨利一生创作了270多个短篇小说和一部长篇小说，还有数量很少的诗歌。欧·亨利的诗歌创作反映了他对自然、人生所面临的社会矛盾的态度，他写小鸟、古老的村庄，歌颂流浪者，以阴郁的笔调吟颂“唱催眠曲的男孩”，抨击不合理的社会现象。但因数量少、成就不大，因而影响很小。相反，他的许多书信倒是精彩的随笔，他同编辑谈生活，谈创作，表达作者的生活态度和创作思想。欧·亨利的代表作品是《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》和《最后一片叶子》。其著名小说还有《黄雀在后》、《市政报告》、《配供家具的客房》、《双料骗子》等，真实准确的细节描写，生动简洁的语言使一系列栩栩如生的艺术形象展现在读者面前，也使他在世界短篇小说史上占有重要位置。有人曾将他比做“美国的莫泊桑”，这是有其道理的。
幽默是美国的文学传统之一。从华盛顿·欧文开始，许多作家都善于写那些有趣可笑而又意味深长的故事。欧文的幽默是在善意的揶揄之中含有淡淡的讽刺；马克·吐温的幽默以充满俚语的口语，滑稽、俏皮的描写和极夸张的形象，揭示了生活中的真理；欧文·肖的幽默则在注重描述人物性格的幽默风趣上。欧·亨利承袭这一传统，受同时代作家的影响，加之一生经历坎坷，使得他独特的幽默与众不同——充满了辛酸的笑声，在夸张、嘲讽、风趣、诙谐、机智的幽默之中，含有抑郁、凄楚的情绪。读《麦琪的礼物》让人苦笑，读《警察与赞美诗》让人悲凉辛酸。这种“含泪的微笑”，加深了作品的社会意义，具有长久的艺术魅力。
处理小说的结尾，是欧·亨利最具创造性的贡献，也使他在美国和世界文学史上享有盛名。他善于戏剧性地设计情节，埋下伏笔，作好铺垫，勾勒矛盾，最后在结尾处出现一个出人意料的结局，使读者感到豁然开朗，柳暗花明，既在意料之外，又在情理之中，不禁拍案称奇。但由于作者写作速度快且多，这种手法运用过多过滥，不免使人感到有明显的雷同和公式化的弊端。他的小说的结局常常出人意外；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默网络全书”。
欧·亨利不愧为“世界三大短篇小说家”之一，其高超的写作技巧，使得他的小说有了“欧·亨利式”这一称号。
以下是欧.亨利的名作《麦琪的礼物》赏析 ：
《麦琪的礼物》这篇文章，一开头就设置悬念，德拉只有一元八毛，可是明天就是圣诞节了，她不够钱给丈夫买礼物，作者接着围绕德拉一头美丽的秀发和杰姆的金表展开描写，德拉为了给吉姆买他梦寐以求的金表表链，忍痛割爱，卖掉了一头的秀发。等到吉姆回来，她发现丈夫看见她的短发，神情不对，在这里又设下了一个悬念，待德拉打开杰姆送给她的礼物，我们才恍然大悟，原来吉姆送给妻子一套发梳，德拉已经用不着了，接着，德拉送礼物给吉姆，再次出人意料，德拉的礼物也派不上用场了，因为吉姆的金表也卖掉了。故事到此结束，却给人回味无穷。这是典型的“欧·亨利式情节”和“欧·亨利结局”，欧·亨利的写作风格我们可以从这里大概了解到一些。
文章极具“欧·亨利式的语言”，幽默、风趣、诙谐、俏皮、善用夸张和比喻。如那句“现在，他的收入缩减到二十美元，‘迪林厄姆’ 的字母也显得模糊不清，似乎它们正严肃地思忖着是否缩写成谦逊而又讲求实际的字母D。”给穷人生活的无奈增添了喜剧的色彩。
文章还极为细腻地刻画了人物的形象，他描写德拉瘦小而灵巧，身材苗条，特别是形容她的头发，用了夸张和比喻的手法，“如果示巴女王也住在天井对面的公寓里，总有一天德拉会把头发披散下来，露出窗外晾干，使那女王的珍珠宝贝黔然失色。” “德拉的秀发泼撒在她的周围，微波起伏，闪耀光芒，有如那褐色的瀑布。”他描写吉姆，“吉姆站在屋里的门口边，纹丝不动地好像猎犬嗅到了鹌鹑的气味似的。他的两眼固定在德拉身上”。“‘你说你的头发没有了吗？’他差不多是白痴似地问道。”把一个疼爱妻子，甘愿把祖传家宝卖掉为妻子买礼物的丈夫的形象生动地刻画出来。
读完这篇文章，我们不免感到遗憾那对贫穷的夫妻，为了爱人，他们卖掉了自己最为珍贵的东西，可是他们送给对方的礼物却都没有用处了。尽管这样，我们还是从中体会到那对夫妻的纯洁和善良，体会到他们永恒的爱情，同时也领会到美国下层人民生活的艰难和辛酸，作者对他们事实给予了深深的同情和祝福的。
最后一段，揭示文章的深刻主题，麦琪本是指圣婴基督出生时来自东方送礼的三贤人，作者把他们称作是麦琪，表现了他对劳动人民的尊重和热爱，同时给他们的礼物披上了神圣的色彩，是具有人性的，闪烁着爱的光芒的礼物。

⑧ 《二十年后》（欧亨利）全文

全文：

纽约的一条大街上，一位值勤的警察正沿街走着。一阵冷飕飕的风向他迎面吹来。已近夜间10点，街上的行人寥寥无几了。

在一家小店铺的门口，昏暗的灯光下站着一个男子。他的嘴里叼着一支没有点燃的雪茄烟。警察放慢了脚步，认真地看了他一眼，然后，向那个男子走了过去。

“这儿没有出什么事，警官先生。”看见警察向自己走来，那个男子很快地说，“我只是在这儿等一位朋友罢了。这是20年前定下的一个约会。你听了觉得稀奇，是吗？好吧，如果有兴致听的话，我来给你讲讲。大约20年前，这儿，这个店铺现在所占的地方，原来是一家餐馆……”

“那餐馆5年前就被拆除了。”警察接上去说。

男子划了根火柴，点燃了叼在嘴上的雪茄。借着火柴的亮光，警察发现这个男子脸色苍白，右眼角附近有一块小小的白色的伤疤。

“20年前的今天晚上，”男子继续说，“我和吉米·维尔斯在这儿的餐馆共进晚餐。哦，吉米是我最要好的朋友。我们俩都是在纽约这个城市里长大的。从孩提时候起，我们就亲密无间，情同手足。

当时，我正准备第二天早上就动身到西部去谋生。那天夜晚临分手的时候，我们俩约定：20年后的同一日期、同一时间，我们俩将来到这里再次相会。”

“这听起来倒挺有意思的。”警察说，“你们分手以后，你就没有收到过你那位朋友的信吗？”

“哦，收到过他的信。有一段时间我们曾相互通信。”那男子 说，“可是一两年之后，我们就失去了联系。你知道，西部是个很大的地方。而我呢，又总是不断地东奔西跑。可我相信，吉米只要还活着，就一定会来这儿和我相会的。他是我最信得过的朋友啦。”

说完，男子从口袋里掏出一块小巧玲球的金表。表上的宝石在黑暗中闪闪发光。“九点五十七分了。”

他说，“我们上一次是十点整在这儿的餐馆分手的。”

“你在西部混得不错吧？”警察问道。

“当然罗！吉米的光景要是能赶上我的一半就好了。啊，实在不容易啊！这些年来，我一直不得不东奔西跑……”

又是一阵冷赠飕的风穿街而过。接着，一片沉寂。他们俩谁也没有说话。过了一会儿，警察准备离开这里。

“我得走了，”他对那个男子说，“我希望你的朋友很快就会到来。假如他不准时赶来，你会离开这儿吗？”

“不会的。我起码要再等他半个小时。如果吉米他还活在人间，他到时候一定会来到这儿的。就说这些吧，再见，警官先生。”

“再见，先生。”警察一边说着，一边沿街走去，街上已经没有行人了，空荡荡的。

出处：出自美国作家欧·亨利的《二十年后》。

(8)现实主义短篇小说英文扩展阅读：

创作背景：

1862年，美国林肯总统在《宅地法》中规定，任何公民只需交15美元的证件费，便可在美国西部得到一块相当于160英亩的土地；在这块土地上连续耕作五年以上就可成为这块土地的主人，这一措施民主地解决了独立战争期间的土地问题，同时激发了美国人勤劳创业、发财的热情。

这时的人们纯朴、勤劳、勇敢，充满活力和生气，他们彼此重义气、讲交情，尽管他们在对付满腔怒火的印第安人时也干尽了野蛮的掠夺、杀戮等强盗行径，正如在西部文学作品中所看到的那样。

但也许是远离城市，西部资产阶级内部尚未染上唯利是图、尔虞我诈的恶习，或者说为对付险恶的自然环境他们尚未顾及内部的倾轧和吞并。

19世纪末20世纪初期的美国，处于资本主义飞速发展阶段，出现了资本集中和无产阶级的贫困化，同时，中小资产阶级的破产及失业大军的不断扩大，使美国社会的阶级矛盾不断尖锐化和表面化。

美国南北战争以前的文学，由于受资本主义的民主、自由理想所鼓舞，作家们多用浪漫主义手法进行创作；战后的文学，由于生活理想的破灭，作家们多以现实主义手法来表现生活。欧·亨利就是这些理想破灭了的作家中的一个，其人生之路崎岖、艰苦而又不幸。

欧·亨利当过牧童、药剂师、办事员、制图员、出纳员等。欧·亨利长期生活在下层，形形色色的社会现象使他对这些矛盾心感身受。在他优秀的作品中，对资本主义腐朽的制度、狰狞的法律、虚伪的道德、庸俗的生活等各个方面的丑恶现象，都做了一定程度的揭露、讽刺和批判。

⑨ 几本好看的英文小说适合初中生看的介绍作者

1、《傲慢与偏见》

图书简介

《雾都孤儿》是英国作家狄更斯于1838年出版的写实小说。以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇，主人公奥立弗在孤儿院长大，经历学徒生涯，艰苦逃难，误入贼窝，又被迫与狠毒的凶徒为伍，历尽无数辛酸，最后在善良人的帮助下，查明身世并获得了幸福。如同狄更斯的其他小说，本书揭露许多当时的社会问题，如救济院、童工、以及帮派吸收青少年参与犯罪等。本书曾多次改编为电影、电视及舞台剧。世界知名导演罗曼。波兰斯基于2005年也曾将此书拍成电影。

作者简介

查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles John Huffam Dickens，1812~1870），英国小说家，出生于海军小职员家庭，10岁时全家被迫迁入负债者监狱，11岁就承担起繁重的家务劳动。曾在皮鞋作坊当学徒，16岁时在律师事务所当缮写员，后担任报社采访记者。他只上过几年学，全靠刻苦自学和艰辛劳动成为知名作家。他生活在英国由半封建社会向工业资本主义社会的过渡时期。其作品广泛而深刻地描写这时期社会生活的各个方面，鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物形象，并从人道主义出发对各种丑恶的社会现象及其代表人物进行揭露批判，对劳动人民的苦难及其反抗斗争给以同情和支持。但同时他也宣扬以“仁爱”为中心的忍让宽恕和阶级调和思想。对劳动人民的反抗斗争抱行动上支持而道德上否定的矛盾态度。表现了他的现实主义的强大力量和软弱空想。狄更斯一生共创作了14部长篇小说，许多中、短篇小说和杂文、游记、戏剧、小品。其中最著名的作品是描写劳资矛盾的长篇代表作《艰难时代》（1854）和描写1789年法国革命的另一篇代表作《双城记》（1859）。前者展示了工业资本家对工人的残酷剥削和压迫，描写了工人阶级的团结斗争，并批判了为资本家剥削辩护的自由竞争原则和功利主义学说。后者以法国贵族的荒淫残暴、人民群众的重重苦难和法国大革命的历史威力，来影射当时的英国社会现实，预示这场“可怕的大火”也将在法国重演。

最后，奉上

[整理版]适合初中生看的英文小说http://www.docin.com/p-1079957126.html

⑩ 欧亨利短篇小说的这篇评论文章怎样翻译成英文急急急

The 1 little people, big wisdom
The realistic strength is typical of O Henry's novels, characters protagonists, oftenburst out the wisdom in the crucial moment
The spark of wisdom, and use their wisdom to illuminate the people's mind, makingpeople ll and often played a conflict between you not human role.
Such as "Hargreaves" in imitation of the theater actor Haag Foss, in order to createa stubborn, arrogant, Chen Jiuqie stick in the mud of the southern soldiers stage image, and from the south of the retired major tal Bert made friends, and in its not
Imitate the prototype for the stage play the protagonist informed, imitating Hargreaves finally in Washington theater and achieved great success, but also deeply hurt that major Talbot the truth of the heart. In order to save their own faultand expressed his regret, that major Talbot squeezed Hargreaves decided to continue his performance, this time he played an old black uncle Moss, donated amajor three hundred dollars in return for tal Bert major former care as,overwhelmed by the major for gospel truth, glad to accept the money and no, thatstood in front of him is his spirit 7 liters smoke Hargreaves. Hargreaves expressedhis regret with own wisdom, the fracture between North and south, the gap betweenblack and white contrast all seem so ridiculous and not worth mentioning, but alsobring out the old person to be set in one's way of irony.
2, the humble identity has a noble mind
O Henry in the works the vast majority of ink and space on human feelings, the good things and eulogize noble mind, instead of the ugly and dark side often alluded to, some even to mention it, but for the readers to ponder. All the writingwriter not only plays by contrast that "beauty is more beautiful, the ugly and theugly" effect (4), and makes a wisps of poetry can often heavy social reality, which makes people face the dilemma and increase the ugly courage and determination.
"Return of the prodigal son" of Jimmy is an example, ahead of the release of Jimmyto steal a style unique, he even have their own special tools, however, he was tired of stealing the life, also does not want to and the police pull what non change one's name and surname, so he went to a remote be open and aboveboard Town,started a new life. Return of the prodigal son of his fame and love decent, however,when he faced was inadvertently locked to the insured cabinet children have encountered difficulties, conscience eventually prevailed, he once again became athief Jimmy, easily with his specialized tools to open the safe and rescued the child.However justified his oncoming old acquaintances detective Preiss ready to fightbut harvest this sentence: "I think you are mistaken, Mr. Spencer," the detectivewas his sacrifice spirit, makes him the return of the prodigal son. The author praises Jimmy noble heart, also silent praised: good warmth, will play to the extremeto the reader is left a few questions: Jimmy is a good man (the prison police also said he nature not bad), why would he do the thief? What makes a man not badpeople to become a thief? Perhaps the world and decadent Yanliang of social system will give the readers an answer. But here we see is the identity between the cops and thieves contrast reflected the truth of human power, between security andsacrificial selection contrast against the background of the people of the humblenoble conscience, such as the thief who can also have a noble heart.
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